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When do you consider Unipolar versus Bipolar depression -
ANSWER-Unipolar
major depression (major depressive disorder) is
characterized by a history of
one or more major depressive episodes (table 3) and no history
of mania (table
1) or
hypomania
How does your diet affect your mood? - ANSWER-Cytokines
(inflammatory
proteins in the blood) can send signals across the
blood-brain barrier.
Nerve cells exposed to cytokines are more likely to die than
regenerate.
In rat studies, rats injected with cytokines exhibited social
withdrawal, less
,movement, and altered sleeping and
eating patterns.
Inflamed nerve cells cannot effectively transmit 5-
hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or serotonin receptors.
Persons with inflammatory conditions are significantly more
depressed than the general population.
Eating foods known to cause inflammation (carbs) will more
likely to exhibit
depressive symptoms due to
imflammation.
Medical Diagnoses that Mimic Depressive Disorders –
ANSWER-Hypothyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, hypoglycemia,
anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, chronic fatigue syndrome, and
hypotension.
Medications with side effects mimicking depression - ANSWER-
Cannabis, alcohol, clonidine, antidepressants, anticonvulsants,
antimigraine agents, corticosteroids, contraceptives, and
varenicline (Chantix).
Withdrawal from certain substances, such as cocaine or
caffeine, can also lead
to depressive
symptoms.
,SSRI: Action, Type and side effects used for Depression -
ANSWER-Action:
inhibits the reuptake of
serotonin
Examples: citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine,
paroxetine, sertraline
Common Side Effects: nausea, agitation, headache, and
sexual dysfunction
SNRI: Action, Type and side effects used for Depression -
ANSWER-Action:
inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and
norepinephrine
Examples: desvenlafaxine, duloxetine,
levomilnacipran, venlafaxine
Common Side Effects: nausea, sweating, insomnia, tremors,
sexual dysfunction
TCA's: Action, Type and side effects used for Depression -
ANSWER-Action:
inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine; blocks
norepinephrine,
histamine, and acetylcholine
receptors
Examples: amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin
, Common Side Effects: dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision,
urinary retention
sedation, weight gain, hypotension, tachycardia, and
sexual dysfunction
MAOI's: Action, Type and side effects used for Depression -
ANSWER-Action:
increases norepinephrine and serotonin by inhibiting
the enzyme that
inactivates
it
Examples: isocarboxazid, phenelzine, tranylcypromine
Common Side Effects: sedation, dizziness, sexual
dysfunction, and
hypertensive
crisis
Why we have to assess for Bipolar before prescribing for
depression? -
ANSWER-Certain antidepressant medications can precipitate a
manic episode
or induce rapid-cycling bipolar depression, which may
contribute to the
increased incidence of death by suicide in children and adults
younger than 25.