CPCA LATEST 2026 EXAMINATION SET QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Depth (of range) - ✔✔Refers to the number of variants/sizes of a product within a
range. A deep range may include a large number of product sizes within the same
product. Finite in-store shelf space usually necessitates a trade off between 'depth of
range' versus 'width of range'.
✔✔DPC - ✔✔Direct Product Cost: A method of assigning all costs of a particular
product (manufacturing, distribution, stockholding, handling, store displays etc,) directly
to that product.
✔✔DPP - ✔✔Direct Product Profitability: A means of defining the actual profit achieved
by a retailer or distributor from an individual product, having taken into consideration
direct product costs
✔✔DSD - ✔✔Direct Store Delivery: The manufacturer delivers products directly to the
retail store and does not go via a retailer distribution centre (RDC).
✔✔Distribution - ✔✔This can be measured as the number of stores that a product is
stocked in, or based on total volume sales. The level of distribution can be classified in
a number of ways although is usually reported as a % of total market or total stores of a
specific retailer.
✔✔Multiple Locations - ✔✔The positioning of a product in more than one place in a
store, in recognition that it may have more than one use (e.g. tonic water as a soft drink
and as a mixer with gin).
✔✔Efficient Store Merchandising - ✔✔Optimisation of space allocation at store level
that aims to avoid out of stocks and at the same time maintains minimum stock levels.
✔✔POS - ✔✔Point-of-Sale: The method of recording store sales by scanning the
product bar code at the point of purchase.
✔✔Eye Level - ✔✔The predominant part of the fixture that shoppers look at when
purchasing. Research has shown that when a shopper approaches a fixture, natural
vision is limited and there is a greater emphasis aimed at eye level. Eye level can
change depending on the length of the fixture, and age of shoper
✔✔Eye Tracking - ✔✔A technique that records a shopper's eye movement as the
fixture is scanned. This technique is used for aiding the merchandising of products.
✔✔Facing - ✔✔The physical (linear) space that a single product occupies.
, ✔✔Facings Deep - ✔✔(Units per Facing): The number of units placed from front to back
in a single position on a fixture.
✔✔Finger Space - ✔✔The distance from the top of a product to the underside of the
shelf above.
✔✔Frequency of Purchase - ✔✔How often a product or category is purchased by
consumers over a given period of time.
✔✔Geodemographic Data - ✔✔Information which matches geography with consumer
demographics (including lifestyle, age, income, race, education, occupation, housing
enure. Census data is matched with zip codes or block groups to produce profiles or
classifications of consumers.
✔✔Gondola - ✔✔(Fixture Shelving Unit): The physical unit that products are displayed
on.
✔✔Gondola End Cap - ✔✔(Aisle End Fixture End): The selling space that is located at
the end of an aisle. Due to the increased consumer flow around end caps, they are
often used for promotional or new product display.
✔✔Height (of product or tray) - ✔✔The physical space (usually expressed in inches)
measured from the base to the top of a product or tray.
✔✔Horizontal Blocking - ✔✔The grouping of products horizontally along a shelf for
example all the products of a certain brand.
✔✔Horizontal Facings - ✔✔The number of horizontal facings of product on a shelf.
✔✔Horizontal Space - ✔✔The horizontal space taken up by products. It usually refers to
a particular brand or category segment.
✔✔Hot Spot - ✔✔A position on a shelf or display that generates increased interest, or
sales of a product.
✔✔Incremental Sales - ✔✔The additional sales of a product that have happened
directly as a result of promotional or marketing activity. Sales over and above Base
Sales.
✔✔Inventory - ✔✔(Stock Level): The level of stock available. Usually refers to products
on the fixture itself, or in the total store when measured as part of demand
management. (As opposed to the warehouse or total chain as often used in Supply
Chain terminology)
SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Depth (of range) - ✔✔Refers to the number of variants/sizes of a product within a
range. A deep range may include a large number of product sizes within the same
product. Finite in-store shelf space usually necessitates a trade off between 'depth of
range' versus 'width of range'.
✔✔DPC - ✔✔Direct Product Cost: A method of assigning all costs of a particular
product (manufacturing, distribution, stockholding, handling, store displays etc,) directly
to that product.
✔✔DPP - ✔✔Direct Product Profitability: A means of defining the actual profit achieved
by a retailer or distributor from an individual product, having taken into consideration
direct product costs
✔✔DSD - ✔✔Direct Store Delivery: The manufacturer delivers products directly to the
retail store and does not go via a retailer distribution centre (RDC).
✔✔Distribution - ✔✔This can be measured as the number of stores that a product is
stocked in, or based on total volume sales. The level of distribution can be classified in
a number of ways although is usually reported as a % of total market or total stores of a
specific retailer.
✔✔Multiple Locations - ✔✔The positioning of a product in more than one place in a
store, in recognition that it may have more than one use (e.g. tonic water as a soft drink
and as a mixer with gin).
✔✔Efficient Store Merchandising - ✔✔Optimisation of space allocation at store level
that aims to avoid out of stocks and at the same time maintains minimum stock levels.
✔✔POS - ✔✔Point-of-Sale: The method of recording store sales by scanning the
product bar code at the point of purchase.
✔✔Eye Level - ✔✔The predominant part of the fixture that shoppers look at when
purchasing. Research has shown that when a shopper approaches a fixture, natural
vision is limited and there is a greater emphasis aimed at eye level. Eye level can
change depending on the length of the fixture, and age of shoper
✔✔Eye Tracking - ✔✔A technique that records a shopper's eye movement as the
fixture is scanned. This technique is used for aiding the merchandising of products.
✔✔Facing - ✔✔The physical (linear) space that a single product occupies.
, ✔✔Facings Deep - ✔✔(Units per Facing): The number of units placed from front to back
in a single position on a fixture.
✔✔Finger Space - ✔✔The distance from the top of a product to the underside of the
shelf above.
✔✔Frequency of Purchase - ✔✔How often a product or category is purchased by
consumers over a given period of time.
✔✔Geodemographic Data - ✔✔Information which matches geography with consumer
demographics (including lifestyle, age, income, race, education, occupation, housing
enure. Census data is matched with zip codes or block groups to produce profiles or
classifications of consumers.
✔✔Gondola - ✔✔(Fixture Shelving Unit): The physical unit that products are displayed
on.
✔✔Gondola End Cap - ✔✔(Aisle End Fixture End): The selling space that is located at
the end of an aisle. Due to the increased consumer flow around end caps, they are
often used for promotional or new product display.
✔✔Height (of product or tray) - ✔✔The physical space (usually expressed in inches)
measured from the base to the top of a product or tray.
✔✔Horizontal Blocking - ✔✔The grouping of products horizontally along a shelf for
example all the products of a certain brand.
✔✔Horizontal Facings - ✔✔The number of horizontal facings of product on a shelf.
✔✔Horizontal Space - ✔✔The horizontal space taken up by products. It usually refers to
a particular brand or category segment.
✔✔Hot Spot - ✔✔A position on a shelf or display that generates increased interest, or
sales of a product.
✔✔Incremental Sales - ✔✔The additional sales of a product that have happened
directly as a result of promotional or marketing activity. Sales over and above Base
Sales.
✔✔Inventory - ✔✔(Stock Level): The level of stock available. Usually refers to products
on the fixture itself, or in the total store when measured as part of demand
management. (As opposed to the warehouse or total chain as often used in Supply
Chain terminology)
