MCN 538 LATEST 2026 TEST FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Human Sex Trafficking. what age groups and sex is most often affected? -
✔✔Adolescent & young adult females comprise majority of trafficked persons in US &
globally; especially sex trafficking
✔✔what erikson stage are Adult women in? - ✔✔Adult women: Intimacy vs Isolation,
Generativity vs Stagnation.
✔✔what are the different seasons on a womans life? - ✔✔- 17-22 yrs: boundary
between childhood & adulthood, fundamental life turning point. - 22-28 yr: Entry Life
Structure choices re love, marriage, family, occupation, lifestyle. - 28-33 yr: Age 30
transition reappraise life structure, moderate/severe developmental difficulty. - 33-40 yr:
Culminating Life Structure, secure place in society, move from junior to senior
membership. - 40-45 yr: midlife transition, Coming to terms with end of youth, Work of
mid-life individualization forms inner framework out of which self & life evolve the rest of
this era
-45-50 yr: Entry life structure for middle adulthood, Creating new structure for launching
of middle adulthood, Establishing an initial place in a new generation & new season of
life
- 50-55 yr: Age 50 Transition, Opportunity to reappraise Entry life structure, Further
exploration of self and world, Developmental crises are common in this stage
- 55-60 yr: Culminating life structure middle adulthood, Structure provides the vehicle for
realization of adulthoods major aspirations and goals
- 60-65 yr: Late Adults Transition, Profound reappraisal of the past & shift to a new era
✔✔Mid-Life Transitions - ✔✔40-45: mid-life individualization; coming to terms with end
of youth. Entry Life Structure 45-50: launching middle adulthood. Age 50 transition 50-
55: reappraise structure, further exploration, developmental crises common.
Culminating 55-60: achieve major aspirations/goals. Late Adult Transition 60-65:
reappraisal of past & shift to new era.
✔✔what is the leading killer of women in US; with similar death rates for Black & White
women. what are the risk factors? - ✔✔CVD. risk factors: smoking, lack of exercise,
unhealthy diet; silent killer with symptoms often delayed.
✔✔what are concerning Cardiac Symptoms in Women? - ✔✔Rapid fatigue, poor sleep,
SOB, indigestion, body aches, general malaise; classic angina may appear as heavy
substernal pain provoked by stress or activity and relieved by rest; dizziness, irregular
HR, palpitations; chest pain less common than men.
✔✔what are the Cardiac Labs & Imaging we should know? - ✔✔CBC, UA (albumin),
electrolytes (K), TSH, BUN, creatinine, fasting glucose, lipid profiles, CRP, PT & aPTT.
Cardiac biomarkers: CK/CK-MB, troponin (elevated 5-14 days; also nonischemic
, causes). Cardiac structure: sonography, Doppler, EKG. Cardiac function: 12-lead EKG,
Holter, stress tests, MPI, MRI, CAC, catheterization.
✔✔what is a Heart Murmur? - ✔✔Prolonged extra sounds systolic/diastolic; caused by
disrupted blood flow; classified by timing, pitch, intensity, pattern, quality, location,
radiation, respiratory variation. Flow murmurs: ejection/innocent. Mitral valve prolapse:
click-murmur syndrome, usually asymptomatic; 2D echo assesses
regurgitation/thickening. Antibiotic prophylaxis only for high-risk dental procedures.
✔✔true or false: 50% of strokes are preventable - ✔✔false. 80% of strokes are
preventable.
✔✔what is the patho of Type 1 DM? - ✔✔Destruction of pancreatic beta cells → insulin
deficiency; risk increased in first-degree relatives; common in children/adolescents but
also adults; classic hyperglycemia: polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, sometimes
polyphagia.
✔✔what is the patho of Diabetes Type 2? - ✔✔Target tissues lose insulin sensitivity
over time; onset symptoms less obvious than T1DM. DM increases risk of CVD,
nonvascular conditions, cancer, digestive diseases, infection, PVD, retinopathy,
neuropathy, nephropathy. Leading cause of ESRD, nontraumatic lower extremity
amputation, adult blindness.
✔✔What Lab Testing is needed with DM? - ✔✔Confirm method on different day;
HgA1C, fasting glucose, OGTT, IGT. Screening adults: age 30 (risk factors) or 45
(without risk factors) every 3-5 years. Women with previous GDM, infant >9lbs, or
PCOS: screen every 3 years.
✔✔what is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)? - ✔✔Psychoneuroendocrine disorder with
symptoms in luteal phase (day 18-21) interfering with life, followed by symptom-free
period.
✔✔what is the incidence of PMS? - ✔✔Virtually 100% of women experience some form;
~20% suffer clinically; most common in 30s-40s.
✔✔PMS Common Symptoms include what? - ✔✔Lower abdominal/pelvic cramps,
mood swings/irritability/anxiety/depression, fatigue, bloating,
tension/headache/backache, skin disorders, breast tenderness, tearfulness, sleep
disturbances.
✔✔what are some Common Interventions for PMS? - ✔✔NSAIDs for cramps, HA,
muscle aches; concurrent treatment for anxiety/depression or fibromyalgia as needed;
careful hx for other conditions/medications.
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Human Sex Trafficking. what age groups and sex is most often affected? -
✔✔Adolescent & young adult females comprise majority of trafficked persons in US &
globally; especially sex trafficking
✔✔what erikson stage are Adult women in? - ✔✔Adult women: Intimacy vs Isolation,
Generativity vs Stagnation.
✔✔what are the different seasons on a womans life? - ✔✔- 17-22 yrs: boundary
between childhood & adulthood, fundamental life turning point. - 22-28 yr: Entry Life
Structure choices re love, marriage, family, occupation, lifestyle. - 28-33 yr: Age 30
transition reappraise life structure, moderate/severe developmental difficulty. - 33-40 yr:
Culminating Life Structure, secure place in society, move from junior to senior
membership. - 40-45 yr: midlife transition, Coming to terms with end of youth, Work of
mid-life individualization forms inner framework out of which self & life evolve the rest of
this era
-45-50 yr: Entry life structure for middle adulthood, Creating new structure for launching
of middle adulthood, Establishing an initial place in a new generation & new season of
life
- 50-55 yr: Age 50 Transition, Opportunity to reappraise Entry life structure, Further
exploration of self and world, Developmental crises are common in this stage
- 55-60 yr: Culminating life structure middle adulthood, Structure provides the vehicle for
realization of adulthoods major aspirations and goals
- 60-65 yr: Late Adults Transition, Profound reappraisal of the past & shift to a new era
✔✔Mid-Life Transitions - ✔✔40-45: mid-life individualization; coming to terms with end
of youth. Entry Life Structure 45-50: launching middle adulthood. Age 50 transition 50-
55: reappraise structure, further exploration, developmental crises common.
Culminating 55-60: achieve major aspirations/goals. Late Adult Transition 60-65:
reappraisal of past & shift to new era.
✔✔what is the leading killer of women in US; with similar death rates for Black & White
women. what are the risk factors? - ✔✔CVD. risk factors: smoking, lack of exercise,
unhealthy diet; silent killer with symptoms often delayed.
✔✔what are concerning Cardiac Symptoms in Women? - ✔✔Rapid fatigue, poor sleep,
SOB, indigestion, body aches, general malaise; classic angina may appear as heavy
substernal pain provoked by stress or activity and relieved by rest; dizziness, irregular
HR, palpitations; chest pain less common than men.
✔✔what are the Cardiac Labs & Imaging we should know? - ✔✔CBC, UA (albumin),
electrolytes (K), TSH, BUN, creatinine, fasting glucose, lipid profiles, CRP, PT & aPTT.
Cardiac biomarkers: CK/CK-MB, troponin (elevated 5-14 days; also nonischemic
, causes). Cardiac structure: sonography, Doppler, EKG. Cardiac function: 12-lead EKG,
Holter, stress tests, MPI, MRI, CAC, catheterization.
✔✔what is a Heart Murmur? - ✔✔Prolonged extra sounds systolic/diastolic; caused by
disrupted blood flow; classified by timing, pitch, intensity, pattern, quality, location,
radiation, respiratory variation. Flow murmurs: ejection/innocent. Mitral valve prolapse:
click-murmur syndrome, usually asymptomatic; 2D echo assesses
regurgitation/thickening. Antibiotic prophylaxis only for high-risk dental procedures.
✔✔true or false: 50% of strokes are preventable - ✔✔false. 80% of strokes are
preventable.
✔✔what is the patho of Type 1 DM? - ✔✔Destruction of pancreatic beta cells → insulin
deficiency; risk increased in first-degree relatives; common in children/adolescents but
also adults; classic hyperglycemia: polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, sometimes
polyphagia.
✔✔what is the patho of Diabetes Type 2? - ✔✔Target tissues lose insulin sensitivity
over time; onset symptoms less obvious than T1DM. DM increases risk of CVD,
nonvascular conditions, cancer, digestive diseases, infection, PVD, retinopathy,
neuropathy, nephropathy. Leading cause of ESRD, nontraumatic lower extremity
amputation, adult blindness.
✔✔What Lab Testing is needed with DM? - ✔✔Confirm method on different day;
HgA1C, fasting glucose, OGTT, IGT. Screening adults: age 30 (risk factors) or 45
(without risk factors) every 3-5 years. Women with previous GDM, infant >9lbs, or
PCOS: screen every 3 years.
✔✔what is Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)? - ✔✔Psychoneuroendocrine disorder with
symptoms in luteal phase (day 18-21) interfering with life, followed by symptom-free
period.
✔✔what is the incidence of PMS? - ✔✔Virtually 100% of women experience some form;
~20% suffer clinically; most common in 30s-40s.
✔✔PMS Common Symptoms include what? - ✔✔Lower abdominal/pelvic cramps,
mood swings/irritability/anxiety/depression, fatigue, bloating,
tension/headache/backache, skin disorders, breast tenderness, tearfulness, sleep
disturbances.
✔✔what are some Common Interventions for PMS? - ✔✔NSAIDs for cramps, HA,
muscle aches; concurrent treatment for anxiety/depression or fibromyalgia as needed;
careful hx for other conditions/medications.
