HESI A2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026
UPDATE | 100% CORRECT.
What is histology? - ANS The study of tissues
What is a tissue? - ANS A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
What are the fundamental tissues? - ANS Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
What is the function of epithelial cells? - ANS Cover, line, and protect the body and the
internal organs.
What is the function of connective tissue? - ANS Framework of the body. Provides support
and structure to organs.
What is neuroglia? - ANS The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose nerve tissue.
What ability does muscle tissue have? - ANS Ability to contract and shorten.
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,What is muscle tissue classified as? - ANS Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and
involuntary(smooth & cardiac)
What is meiosis? - ANS The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the ovaries and
testes.
What two layers compose the skin? - ANS Epidermis and dermis.
What is the epidermis? - ANS The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial
cells.
What is the dermis? - ANS The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve
endings, and the associated skin tissues.
What are the layers of the epidermis? - ANS Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
What does the protein pigment melanin protect against? - ANS Radiation from the Sun
What is the dermis composed of? - ANS Fibrous connective tissue with nerve endings, blood
vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
What are the 2 types of sweat glands? - ANS ecrine & apocrine
What do ecrine sweat glands produce? - ANS Sweat. Regulate body temperature.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 21
, What do apocrine sweat glands produce? - ANS Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm from
cells, attracting bacteria that produces body odor.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? - ANS They secrete sebum through the hair follicles,
which lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
What secretion produces oil? - ANS Holocrine secretion.
What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence? - ANS Becoming clogged and
attracting bacteria.
What protein composes the hair and skin? - ANS Keratin
What makes the body's framework? - ANS Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
What are the functions of the skeletal system? - ANS Support, movement, blood cell
formation, protection of internal organs, detoxification, muscle attachment, mineral storage. *A
MIME BATHED SEALS SINGING "MY PONY"*
How are bones classified? - ANS By shape.
Long
Short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
*LEMURS SING SALSA FOR INDIANS*
What is the name for the cells that compose compact bone? - ANS Osteoblasts
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 21
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026
UPDATE | 100% CORRECT.
What is histology? - ANS The study of tissues
What is a tissue? - ANS A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
What are the fundamental tissues? - ANS Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
(Elephants Can Make News)
What is the function of epithelial cells? - ANS Cover, line, and protect the body and the
internal organs.
What is the function of connective tissue? - ANS Framework of the body. Provides support
and structure to organs.
What is neuroglia? - ANS The neurons and connective tissue cells that compose nerve tissue.
What ability does muscle tissue have? - ANS Ability to contract and shorten.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 1 OF 21
,What is muscle tissue classified as? - ANS Voluntary(skeletal muscles) and
involuntary(smooth & cardiac)
What is meiosis? - ANS The cell division that takes place in the gonads, i.e. the ovaries and
testes.
What two layers compose the skin? - ANS Epidermis and dermis.
What is the epidermis? - ANS The outermost protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial
cells.
What is the dermis? - ANS The underlying layer of connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve
endings, and the associated skin tissues.
What are the layers of the epidermis? - ANS Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Germivatum ( basale & spinosum)
Mnemonic: Candy Lions Growl Great.
What does the protein pigment melanin protect against? - ANS Radiation from the Sun
What is the dermis composed of? - ANS Fibrous connective tissue with nerve endings, blood
vessels, sensory nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
What are the 2 types of sweat glands? - ANS ecrine & apocrine
What do ecrine sweat glands produce? - ANS Sweat. Regulate body temperature.
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 2 OF 21
, What do apocrine sweat glands produce? - ANS Secretions contain bits of cytoplasm from
cells, attracting bacteria that produces body odor.
What do sebaceous glands secrete? - ANS They secrete sebum through the hair follicles,
which lubricates the skin and prevents drying.
What secretion produces oil? - ANS Holocrine secretion.
What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence? - ANS Becoming clogged and
attracting bacteria.
What protein composes the hair and skin? - ANS Keratin
What makes the body's framework? - ANS Bone, cartilage, ligaments & joints.
What are the functions of the skeletal system? - ANS Support, movement, blood cell
formation, protection of internal organs, detoxification, muscle attachment, mineral storage. *A
MIME BATHED SEALS SINGING "MY PONY"*
How are bones classified? - ANS By shape.
Long
Short
flat
irregular
sesamoid
*LEMURS SING SALSA FOR INDIANS*
What is the name for the cells that compose compact bone? - ANS Osteoblasts
@COPYRIGHT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PAGE 3 OF 21
