NRSG265 Principles Of Medical Revision Exam
Questions With Complete Answers
Which of the following risk factors can increase the risk of a person developing
type 2 diabetes?
a. age over 30 years
b. having both parents and a maternal grandmother diagnosed with T2DM
c. BMI <25
D. consuming a diet high in sugar over 2 weeks - ANSWER B. Having both
parents and a maternal grandmother diagnosed with T2DM
All of the following contribute to an increased insulin resistance and decreased
insulin production in Type 2 diabetes, EXCEPT:
a. decreased insulin production in the pancreas
b. a decrease in the amount of insulin binding to the receptors
c. a reduction in the number of insulin binding sites
d. hypertrophy of the beta cells in the islet of langerhans - ANSWER D.
hypertrophy of the beta cells in the islet of langerhans
(as T2DM is a progressive disease, over time, this will cause destruction of beta
cells and will reduce their overall numbers and ability to release insulin.)
Which of the following are considered first line treatment for T2DM?
a. Increasing physical activity
b. Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle
c. Commencing a high carb diet
D. Commencing on SC insulin - ANSWER A. Increasing physical activity
(First line management options for type 2 diabetes include exercise, healthy
eating and monitoring BGL.)
The clinical manifestation of T1D, can include all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. blurred vision
b. abdominal pain
c. weight gain
d. polyuria - ANSWER C. Weight gain
,The following can all cause hypoglycaemia, EXCEPT:
a. exercise
b. consuming pasta dish for lunch
c. insulin overdose
d. excess alcohol consumption - ANSWER B. Consuming pasta dish for lunch
Which of the following are considered appropriate options as a fast acting
carbohydrate to manage a hypoglycaemic episode?
A. Jelly Beans
B. Cheese slices
C. Milk
D. Ham and cheese sandwich. - ANSWER A. Jelly Beans
The role of insulin includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. allows glucose uptake into the cells for ATP production
b. stimulates protein synthesis
c. inhibits liver production of glucose
d. stimulate gluconeogensis - ANSWER D. stimulates gluconeogensis
The best indicator of a patient's current diabetes management is:
a. fasting glucose level
b. patients verbal report of their symptoms
c. analysis for microalbuminuria
d. glycated haemoglobin level - ANSWER D. glycated haemoglobin level
All of the following are microvascular complications of diabetes, EXCEPT:
a. Nephropathy
b. peripheral neuropathy
c. myocardial infarction
d. retinopathy - ANSWER C. MI
Sulphonylureas are used in type 2 diabetes mellitus to lower blood glucose.
Which of the following is the PRIMARY action of this group of drugs?
A. increase in insulin production by the pancreas
B. Decrease in C peptide levels
C. Increases in the rate of glucose absorption from the small intestine
D. increase in glucose uptake by muscle and fat cells. - ANSWER A. Increase in
insulin production by the pancreas
,Which one of the following is most likely to contribute to the development of
cardiovascular disease in a person with T2DM?
a. the effect of elevated insulin levels on the vessel wall
b. increased inflammatory state
c. increased viscosity of blood
d. decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor levels - ANSWER B. increased
inflammatory state
Advanced glycation end-products are produced in poorly controlled diabetes.
This toxic metabolite will lead to all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. loss of nitric oxide
B. increased platelet aggregation
C. reduced oxidative stress
D. increased inflammatory state - ANSWER C. Reduced oxidative stress
Ideally, how often should a person with diabetes have their HbA1C levels
checked?
a. monthly
b. 3 months
c. annually
d. six months - ANSWER B. 3 months
Why are HbA1C levels checked every 3 months? - ANSWER This is set to assess
long term control of diabetes. It forms irreversibly from glucose and
haemoglobin and is used as a measure of the average blood glucose levels
throughout the lifespan of red blood cells (120 days or 3 months
A person with poorly controlled diabetes has an increased risk of infection due
to:
A. an increase in glycated haemoglobin which enhances the release of oxygen
to the tissues
B. impaired vision due to neuronal damage
c. Nerve damage which enhances the pain sensation
D. Hyperglycaemic environment which supports microbial growth - ANSWER D.
Hyperglycaemic environment which supports microbial growth
The following are all possible signs and symptoms of diabetic peripheral
neuropathy, EXCEPT:
A. erectile dysfunction
B. burning sensation within soles of feet
C. increased pain sensation
, D. numbness in the extremities - ANSWER A. erectile dysfunction
A patient diagnosed with asthma has been prescribed a cortisosteriod inhaled
medication. Which information should the nurse teach regarding this
medication? - ANSWER To immediately rinse the mouth following administration
of the drug. As the steroids must pass through oral cavity before reaching lungs
and allowing it to stay there will suppress normal flora and increase risk of yeast
infection.
Asthma is characterised by all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. mucous hypersecretion
b. reversible broncoconstriction
c. audible crackles
d. airway oedema - ANSWER C. audible crackles
The following drug classes are considered PREVENTATIVE therapy for patients
with asthma, EXCEPT:
a. long acting Beta 2 agonists
b. short acting Beta 2 agonists
c. inhaled corticosteriods
d. leukotriene receptor antagonists - ANSWER b. short acting Beta 2 agonists
Fluticasone belongs to which drug class:
a.Corticosteroids
b.Mast cell stabilisers
c.Long acting ß2 adrenergic agonists
d. Leukotriene receptor antagonists - ANSWER a.Corticosteroids
Which of the following is NOT true about short acting ß2 adrenergic agonists?
a. They begin to take effect within 5-15 minutes of being administered
b. Adverse effects can include tachycardia, palpitations and headaches
c. The adverse effects occur as a result of stimulation of ß1 adrenergic
receptors
d. They are used as first line medications in the management of asthma for their
anti-inflammatory effects - ANSWER d. They are used as first line medications in
the management of asthma for their anti-inflammatory effects
Which of the following are NOT clinical manifestations of pneumonia?
a. dyspnoea
b. purulent sputum
c. glucosuria
Questions With Complete Answers
Which of the following risk factors can increase the risk of a person developing
type 2 diabetes?
a. age over 30 years
b. having both parents and a maternal grandmother diagnosed with T2DM
c. BMI <25
D. consuming a diet high in sugar over 2 weeks - ANSWER B. Having both
parents and a maternal grandmother diagnosed with T2DM
All of the following contribute to an increased insulin resistance and decreased
insulin production in Type 2 diabetes, EXCEPT:
a. decreased insulin production in the pancreas
b. a decrease in the amount of insulin binding to the receptors
c. a reduction in the number of insulin binding sites
d. hypertrophy of the beta cells in the islet of langerhans - ANSWER D.
hypertrophy of the beta cells in the islet of langerhans
(as T2DM is a progressive disease, over time, this will cause destruction of beta
cells and will reduce their overall numbers and ability to release insulin.)
Which of the following are considered first line treatment for T2DM?
a. Increasing physical activity
b. Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle
c. Commencing a high carb diet
D. Commencing on SC insulin - ANSWER A. Increasing physical activity
(First line management options for type 2 diabetes include exercise, healthy
eating and monitoring BGL.)
The clinical manifestation of T1D, can include all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. blurred vision
b. abdominal pain
c. weight gain
d. polyuria - ANSWER C. Weight gain
,The following can all cause hypoglycaemia, EXCEPT:
a. exercise
b. consuming pasta dish for lunch
c. insulin overdose
d. excess alcohol consumption - ANSWER B. Consuming pasta dish for lunch
Which of the following are considered appropriate options as a fast acting
carbohydrate to manage a hypoglycaemic episode?
A. Jelly Beans
B. Cheese slices
C. Milk
D. Ham and cheese sandwich. - ANSWER A. Jelly Beans
The role of insulin includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. allows glucose uptake into the cells for ATP production
b. stimulates protein synthesis
c. inhibits liver production of glucose
d. stimulate gluconeogensis - ANSWER D. stimulates gluconeogensis
The best indicator of a patient's current diabetes management is:
a. fasting glucose level
b. patients verbal report of their symptoms
c. analysis for microalbuminuria
d. glycated haemoglobin level - ANSWER D. glycated haemoglobin level
All of the following are microvascular complications of diabetes, EXCEPT:
a. Nephropathy
b. peripheral neuropathy
c. myocardial infarction
d. retinopathy - ANSWER C. MI
Sulphonylureas are used in type 2 diabetes mellitus to lower blood glucose.
Which of the following is the PRIMARY action of this group of drugs?
A. increase in insulin production by the pancreas
B. Decrease in C peptide levels
C. Increases in the rate of glucose absorption from the small intestine
D. increase in glucose uptake by muscle and fat cells. - ANSWER A. Increase in
insulin production by the pancreas
,Which one of the following is most likely to contribute to the development of
cardiovascular disease in a person with T2DM?
a. the effect of elevated insulin levels on the vessel wall
b. increased inflammatory state
c. increased viscosity of blood
d. decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor levels - ANSWER B. increased
inflammatory state
Advanced glycation end-products are produced in poorly controlled diabetes.
This toxic metabolite will lead to all of the following, EXCEPT:
A. loss of nitric oxide
B. increased platelet aggregation
C. reduced oxidative stress
D. increased inflammatory state - ANSWER C. Reduced oxidative stress
Ideally, how often should a person with diabetes have their HbA1C levels
checked?
a. monthly
b. 3 months
c. annually
d. six months - ANSWER B. 3 months
Why are HbA1C levels checked every 3 months? - ANSWER This is set to assess
long term control of diabetes. It forms irreversibly from glucose and
haemoglobin and is used as a measure of the average blood glucose levels
throughout the lifespan of red blood cells (120 days or 3 months
A person with poorly controlled diabetes has an increased risk of infection due
to:
A. an increase in glycated haemoglobin which enhances the release of oxygen
to the tissues
B. impaired vision due to neuronal damage
c. Nerve damage which enhances the pain sensation
D. Hyperglycaemic environment which supports microbial growth - ANSWER D.
Hyperglycaemic environment which supports microbial growth
The following are all possible signs and symptoms of diabetic peripheral
neuropathy, EXCEPT:
A. erectile dysfunction
B. burning sensation within soles of feet
C. increased pain sensation
, D. numbness in the extremities - ANSWER A. erectile dysfunction
A patient diagnosed with asthma has been prescribed a cortisosteriod inhaled
medication. Which information should the nurse teach regarding this
medication? - ANSWER To immediately rinse the mouth following administration
of the drug. As the steroids must pass through oral cavity before reaching lungs
and allowing it to stay there will suppress normal flora and increase risk of yeast
infection.
Asthma is characterised by all of the following, EXCEPT:
a. mucous hypersecretion
b. reversible broncoconstriction
c. audible crackles
d. airway oedema - ANSWER C. audible crackles
The following drug classes are considered PREVENTATIVE therapy for patients
with asthma, EXCEPT:
a. long acting Beta 2 agonists
b. short acting Beta 2 agonists
c. inhaled corticosteriods
d. leukotriene receptor antagonists - ANSWER b. short acting Beta 2 agonists
Fluticasone belongs to which drug class:
a.Corticosteroids
b.Mast cell stabilisers
c.Long acting ß2 adrenergic agonists
d. Leukotriene receptor antagonists - ANSWER a.Corticosteroids
Which of the following is NOT true about short acting ß2 adrenergic agonists?
a. They begin to take effect within 5-15 minutes of being administered
b. Adverse effects can include tachycardia, palpitations and headaches
c. The adverse effects occur as a result of stimulation of ß1 adrenergic
receptors
d. They are used as first line medications in the management of asthma for their
anti-inflammatory effects - ANSWER d. They are used as first line medications in
the management of asthma for their anti-inflammatory effects
Which of the following are NOT clinical manifestations of pneumonia?
a. dyspnoea
b. purulent sputum
c. glucosuria
