Mizzou microbiology 2800 Exam 2
Study Guide Questions with Actual
Answers.
diarrhea - Answer malabsorption in killing cells in the gut results in
beta lactam ring structure - Answer house w/ garage
bacteriocidal antibiotics - Answer kill bacteria, used when host function is
compromised...used when there are no other options or it is a good option
bacteriostatic antibiotics - Answer inhibit bacteria, used when host function is good
SpOA - Answer spectrum of activity "best use of this compound would be"
c. diff - Answer long term antibiotic use can result in _. ____
allergy - Answer immune system recognizing an antibiotic as 'foreign' and stimulates a
response directly against it
vancomycin red man syndrome - Answer release of large amounts of histamine from mast
cells, accidental stimulation of mass cell receptors by VANC, but not truly targeting VANC,
associated with rapid infusion, side effect not allergy. itchy rash
Steven Johnsons Syndrome - Answer targets VANC, rare serious disorder in which skin and
mucous membranes react severely to a medication or infection.
-flu like symptoms followed by a painful red or purplish rash that spreads and blisters
-causes the top layer of skin to die and shed, split between dermis/epidermis
-reaction of t cells
-type 4 hypersensitivity
4 major mechanisms - Answer -inhibition at cell wall level
-inhibition of protein synthesis
-inhibition of metabolic synthesis (antimetabolites)
-inhibition of nucleic acid structure & function
,beta lactam antibiotics - Answer cell wall synthesis inhibitors
-cillin compounds
-inhibit ppg synthesis *prevents cross linkage of NAM/NAG subunits by inhibiting bacterial
transpeptidase enzymes*
-effective only when bacterial cells are growing
vancomycin - Answer interferes with alanine-alanine bridges in PPG, spOA against almost all
gram + but not gram - organisms, big gun antibiotic, very powerful and effective, last line
antibiotic *non b-lac cell wall inhibitors* family 2
isoniazid and ethambutol - Answer disrupt formation of am acid in gram NA species,
primarily used for mycobacteria tuberculosis *non b-lac cell wall inhibitors* family 2
cephalosporins - Answer family 3, made of 6 membered ring, 2 sided r group house and
basement structure, better targeted than classic b lactams, allow for specialization of
treatments
HEN PEcK - Answer Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter spp
Neisseria spp
Proteus - Pseudomonas
E.Coli
Klebsiella
1st gen ceph - Answer gram + and HEN (some g-)
-Cephalexin/Keflex
2nd gen ceph - Answer fewer gram + and HEN PEcK
-Zinacef/Cefuroxime
3rd gen ceph - Answer can cross the blood brain barrier, good on g-, few g+ HEN PEcK
-Fortaz & Rocephin
4th gen ceph - Answer top of the line, works good on g-, not so much g+, PPEcK
-Maxipime
bacteriostatic - Answer protein synthesis inhibitors tend to be _________
, CLEAn TAG - Answer Chloramphenicol
Lincomycin
(CLindamycin)
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Tetracycline
Aminoglycosides
clean tag - Answer big word = clean (50)
small word = tag (30)
chloramphenicol - Answer VERY broad spectrum antibacterial, but high side effects =,
restricted to life threatening infections
-SA: bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia, grey baby syndrome, leukemia
Lincomycin and CLindamycin - Answer used for anaerobic and severe aerobic infections (TSS)
-SA: c diff
erythromycin - Answer macrolide family antibiotic, gram + and gram n/a, less active against
staphs, general z-paks, good for PEN allergies
-SA: lead to diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain/cramping
-really broad, given out regularly
tetracycline - Answer very broad spectrum, most g n/a and many g+/-, low cost but high
adverse effects -> doxycycline
-SA: accumulates in tissue, stains teeth, photosensitivity, cant be taken with calcium foods, can't
give to kids under 8 or breast feeding women
aminoglycoside - Answer mostly serious gram - infections, HIGH toxicity, not useable for
anaerobic organisms, taken thru IV only *VANC is not this*
-SA: kidney failure, hearing loss, crosses placenta
mechanism 4 - Answer antibiotic inhibitors of bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, excellent used
in advance to prevent infections
Study Guide Questions with Actual
Answers.
diarrhea - Answer malabsorption in killing cells in the gut results in
beta lactam ring structure - Answer house w/ garage
bacteriocidal antibiotics - Answer kill bacteria, used when host function is
compromised...used when there are no other options or it is a good option
bacteriostatic antibiotics - Answer inhibit bacteria, used when host function is good
SpOA - Answer spectrum of activity "best use of this compound would be"
c. diff - Answer long term antibiotic use can result in _. ____
allergy - Answer immune system recognizing an antibiotic as 'foreign' and stimulates a
response directly against it
vancomycin red man syndrome - Answer release of large amounts of histamine from mast
cells, accidental stimulation of mass cell receptors by VANC, but not truly targeting VANC,
associated with rapid infusion, side effect not allergy. itchy rash
Steven Johnsons Syndrome - Answer targets VANC, rare serious disorder in which skin and
mucous membranes react severely to a medication or infection.
-flu like symptoms followed by a painful red or purplish rash that spreads and blisters
-causes the top layer of skin to die and shed, split between dermis/epidermis
-reaction of t cells
-type 4 hypersensitivity
4 major mechanisms - Answer -inhibition at cell wall level
-inhibition of protein synthesis
-inhibition of metabolic synthesis (antimetabolites)
-inhibition of nucleic acid structure & function
,beta lactam antibiotics - Answer cell wall synthesis inhibitors
-cillin compounds
-inhibit ppg synthesis *prevents cross linkage of NAM/NAG subunits by inhibiting bacterial
transpeptidase enzymes*
-effective only when bacterial cells are growing
vancomycin - Answer interferes with alanine-alanine bridges in PPG, spOA against almost all
gram + but not gram - organisms, big gun antibiotic, very powerful and effective, last line
antibiotic *non b-lac cell wall inhibitors* family 2
isoniazid and ethambutol - Answer disrupt formation of am acid in gram NA species,
primarily used for mycobacteria tuberculosis *non b-lac cell wall inhibitors* family 2
cephalosporins - Answer family 3, made of 6 membered ring, 2 sided r group house and
basement structure, better targeted than classic b lactams, allow for specialization of
treatments
HEN PEcK - Answer Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter spp
Neisseria spp
Proteus - Pseudomonas
E.Coli
Klebsiella
1st gen ceph - Answer gram + and HEN (some g-)
-Cephalexin/Keflex
2nd gen ceph - Answer fewer gram + and HEN PEcK
-Zinacef/Cefuroxime
3rd gen ceph - Answer can cross the blood brain barrier, good on g-, few g+ HEN PEcK
-Fortaz & Rocephin
4th gen ceph - Answer top of the line, works good on g-, not so much g+, PPEcK
-Maxipime
bacteriostatic - Answer protein synthesis inhibitors tend to be _________
, CLEAn TAG - Answer Chloramphenicol
Lincomycin
(CLindamycin)
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Tetracycline
Aminoglycosides
clean tag - Answer big word = clean (50)
small word = tag (30)
chloramphenicol - Answer VERY broad spectrum antibacterial, but high side effects =,
restricted to life threatening infections
-SA: bone marrow suppression, aplastic anemia, grey baby syndrome, leukemia
Lincomycin and CLindamycin - Answer used for anaerobic and severe aerobic infections (TSS)
-SA: c diff
erythromycin - Answer macrolide family antibiotic, gram + and gram n/a, less active against
staphs, general z-paks, good for PEN allergies
-SA: lead to diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain/cramping
-really broad, given out regularly
tetracycline - Answer very broad spectrum, most g n/a and many g+/-, low cost but high
adverse effects -> doxycycline
-SA: accumulates in tissue, stains teeth, photosensitivity, cant be taken with calcium foods, can't
give to kids under 8 or breast feeding women
aminoglycoside - Answer mostly serious gram - infections, HIGH toxicity, not useable for
anaerobic organisms, taken thru IV only *VANC is not this*
-SA: kidney failure, hearing loss, crosses placenta
mechanism 4 - Answer antibiotic inhibitors of bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, excellent used
in advance to prevent infections
