NSG321 - Fundamentals Of Nursing - Final Exam
Questions With Verified Answers
What are graduated compression stockings? - ANSWER Passive interventions
for preventing DVT and Venous stasis.
What does R stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? - ANSWER Rescue
anyone in danger.
What does A stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? - ANSWER Activate the
fire alarm & notify someone.
What does C stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? - ANSWER Confine the
fire by closing the doors & windows.
What does E stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? - ANSWER Evacuate
patients & others to safety.
What are some safety measures for crutch walking? - ANSWER Inspect crutch
tips, replace worn tips, inspect crutch structure
How should crutches be positioned for correct use? - ANSWER Top of crutches
below armpits, weight on hands, elbows close to sides, handgrips even with hips
What is the correct technique to rise from a chair using crutches? - ANSWER
Slide forward, extend injured leg, place crutches on unaffected side, lean
forward and push off
What is the correct technique to climb stairs with crutches? - ANSWER Advance
affected leg past crutches, place weight on unaffected leg, advance affected leg
and crutch to step
What is the correct technique to descend stairs with crutches? - ANSWER Move
crutches and affected leg first, followed by unaffected leg
What is isotonic exercise? - ANSWER Muscle shortening & active movement (ex:
walking, swimming)
What is isometric exercise? - ANSWER Muscle contraction without shortening
(ex: wall squat)
,What is isokinetic exercise? - ANSWER Muscle contractions with resistance (ex:
lifting weights)
What is active exercise? - ANSWER PT moves joints independently with full ROM
What is passive exercise? - ANSWER Nurse moves joints through ROM because
PT cannot
What does safe patient transfer include? - ANSWER User training, device wear &
tear, suitability of equipment, & correct operation of equipment
What should be assessed about the patient before transferring? - ANSWER
Diagnosis, health issues, capabilities, and any movement restrictions
What should be assessed about the patient's ability to assist with the transfer? -
ANSWER Encourage patient to assist, eliminate unnecessary tasks
Why is patient engagement important in safe transfers? - ANSWER To prevent
adverse events
What should be ensured before moving the patient? - ANSWER Enough staff
available and present
What should be assessed about the area before transferring? - ANSWER Clutter,
accessibility, and availability of devices
What tool can be used to aid in patient assessment? - ANSWER Screening or
assessment tool for safe handling and mobility
What should be decided before transferring the patient? - ANSWER Which
equipment to use
What should be planned before transferring the patient? - ANSWER Assess
mobility of equipment and communicate the plan with staff and patient
What are fall risk factors? - ANSWER Poor gait & balance
strength issues
visual impairment
problems with feet or shoes
Comorbidities
Meds
orthostatic hypotension
hazards in the home
vitamin D deficiency.
,What are some factors that contribute to poor gait and balance? - ANSWER
Strength issues, visual impairment, problems with feet or shoes.
What are some comorbidities that increase fall risk? - ANSWER Depression,
osteoporosis.
What is orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWER A drop in blood pressure when
standing up.
What are some hazards in the home that increase fall risk? - ANSWER Unstable
furniture, slippery floors, poor lighting.
How does vitamin D deficiency contribute to fall risk? - ANSWER It weakens
bones and muscles.
What are some intrinsic fall risk factors? - ANSWER Advanced age
previous falls
muscle weakness
gait & balance problems
postural hypotension
poor vision
Comorbidities
vitamin D deficiency
fear of falling.
What are some extrinsic. fall risk factors? - ANSWER Lack of stair handrails
Poor stair design
Lack of bathroom grab bars
Dim lighting or glare
Slippery or uneven surfaces
Obstacles and tripping hazards
Medications
Improper use of assistive devices
What is a gait belt? - ANSWER A belt used for transferring and assisting with
ambulation.
How is a gait belt used? - ANSWER Placed around the waist, the nurse holds
onto the handles of the belt to steady and assist the patient.
When should a gait belt not be used? - ANSWER If the patient has abdominal or
thoracic incisions.
What are lateral-assist devices? - ANSWER Devices that reduce surface friction
during side-to-side transfers.
, Give examples of lateral-assist devices. - ANSWER Roller boards, slide boards.
What are friction-reducing sheets used for? - ANSWER To prevent skin shearing
during bed movement and lateral transfers.
What may be required when using friction-reducing sheets? - ANSWER
Excessive force and overexertion by caregiver.
What do mechanical lateral-assist devices do? - ANSWER Eliminate the need for
manual sliding of the PT.
When are transfer chairs used? - ANSWER For PTs with no weight-bearing
capacity, inability to follow directions, or lack of cooperation.
What are powered stand-assist and repositioning lifts used for? - ANSWER PTs
with some weight-bearing ability, ability to follow directions, and cooperation.
What are powered full-body lifts used for? - ANSWER PTs who cannot bear any
weight and need assistance with bed, chair, or commode transfers.
What is the purpose of using a screening or assessment tool? - ANSWER To
assess the PT's ability to walk and need for assistive devices.
When should a gait belt be used? - ANSWER When the PT is not independent and
needs steadying, but not lifting.
What should be explained to the PT before walking? - ANSWER Exactly what is to
be done, including transfer from bed to erect position, distance of ambulation,
assistance available, and correct manner.
What should the PT do if feeling dizzy or weak? - ANSWER Alert the nurse.
What should be ensured before ambulation? - ANSWER That the PT has a clear
path.
What type of footwear should the PT have? - ANSWER Skidproof footwear.
What position should the PT be in for ambulation? - ANSWER Erect position.
When should a pause be taken during ambulation? - ANSWER After the PT is
seated at the edge of the bed and after the PT first stands to ensure steadiness.
What should be done if the PT faints or falls? - ANSWER Stand with feet apart,
wide base, rock pelvis out on the side facing the PT. Use a gait belt and guide
the PT slowly to the floor while supporting them on the thigh, protecting PT
head.
Questions With Verified Answers
What are graduated compression stockings? - ANSWER Passive interventions
for preventing DVT and Venous stasis.
What does R stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? - ANSWER Rescue
anyone in danger.
What does A stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? - ANSWER Activate the
fire alarm & notify someone.
What does C stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? - ANSWER Confine the
fire by closing the doors & windows.
What does E stand for in the RACE fire safety acronym? - ANSWER Evacuate
patients & others to safety.
What are some safety measures for crutch walking? - ANSWER Inspect crutch
tips, replace worn tips, inspect crutch structure
How should crutches be positioned for correct use? - ANSWER Top of crutches
below armpits, weight on hands, elbows close to sides, handgrips even with hips
What is the correct technique to rise from a chair using crutches? - ANSWER
Slide forward, extend injured leg, place crutches on unaffected side, lean
forward and push off
What is the correct technique to climb stairs with crutches? - ANSWER Advance
affected leg past crutches, place weight on unaffected leg, advance affected leg
and crutch to step
What is the correct technique to descend stairs with crutches? - ANSWER Move
crutches and affected leg first, followed by unaffected leg
What is isotonic exercise? - ANSWER Muscle shortening & active movement (ex:
walking, swimming)
What is isometric exercise? - ANSWER Muscle contraction without shortening
(ex: wall squat)
,What is isokinetic exercise? - ANSWER Muscle contractions with resistance (ex:
lifting weights)
What is active exercise? - ANSWER PT moves joints independently with full ROM
What is passive exercise? - ANSWER Nurse moves joints through ROM because
PT cannot
What does safe patient transfer include? - ANSWER User training, device wear &
tear, suitability of equipment, & correct operation of equipment
What should be assessed about the patient before transferring? - ANSWER
Diagnosis, health issues, capabilities, and any movement restrictions
What should be assessed about the patient's ability to assist with the transfer? -
ANSWER Encourage patient to assist, eliminate unnecessary tasks
Why is patient engagement important in safe transfers? - ANSWER To prevent
adverse events
What should be ensured before moving the patient? - ANSWER Enough staff
available and present
What should be assessed about the area before transferring? - ANSWER Clutter,
accessibility, and availability of devices
What tool can be used to aid in patient assessment? - ANSWER Screening or
assessment tool for safe handling and mobility
What should be decided before transferring the patient? - ANSWER Which
equipment to use
What should be planned before transferring the patient? - ANSWER Assess
mobility of equipment and communicate the plan with staff and patient
What are fall risk factors? - ANSWER Poor gait & balance
strength issues
visual impairment
problems with feet or shoes
Comorbidities
Meds
orthostatic hypotension
hazards in the home
vitamin D deficiency.
,What are some factors that contribute to poor gait and balance? - ANSWER
Strength issues, visual impairment, problems with feet or shoes.
What are some comorbidities that increase fall risk? - ANSWER Depression,
osteoporosis.
What is orthostatic hypotension? - ANSWER A drop in blood pressure when
standing up.
What are some hazards in the home that increase fall risk? - ANSWER Unstable
furniture, slippery floors, poor lighting.
How does vitamin D deficiency contribute to fall risk? - ANSWER It weakens
bones and muscles.
What are some intrinsic fall risk factors? - ANSWER Advanced age
previous falls
muscle weakness
gait & balance problems
postural hypotension
poor vision
Comorbidities
vitamin D deficiency
fear of falling.
What are some extrinsic. fall risk factors? - ANSWER Lack of stair handrails
Poor stair design
Lack of bathroom grab bars
Dim lighting or glare
Slippery or uneven surfaces
Obstacles and tripping hazards
Medications
Improper use of assistive devices
What is a gait belt? - ANSWER A belt used for transferring and assisting with
ambulation.
How is a gait belt used? - ANSWER Placed around the waist, the nurse holds
onto the handles of the belt to steady and assist the patient.
When should a gait belt not be used? - ANSWER If the patient has abdominal or
thoracic incisions.
What are lateral-assist devices? - ANSWER Devices that reduce surface friction
during side-to-side transfers.
, Give examples of lateral-assist devices. - ANSWER Roller boards, slide boards.
What are friction-reducing sheets used for? - ANSWER To prevent skin shearing
during bed movement and lateral transfers.
What may be required when using friction-reducing sheets? - ANSWER
Excessive force and overexertion by caregiver.
What do mechanical lateral-assist devices do? - ANSWER Eliminate the need for
manual sliding of the PT.
When are transfer chairs used? - ANSWER For PTs with no weight-bearing
capacity, inability to follow directions, or lack of cooperation.
What are powered stand-assist and repositioning lifts used for? - ANSWER PTs
with some weight-bearing ability, ability to follow directions, and cooperation.
What are powered full-body lifts used for? - ANSWER PTs who cannot bear any
weight and need assistance with bed, chair, or commode transfers.
What is the purpose of using a screening or assessment tool? - ANSWER To
assess the PT's ability to walk and need for assistive devices.
When should a gait belt be used? - ANSWER When the PT is not independent and
needs steadying, but not lifting.
What should be explained to the PT before walking? - ANSWER Exactly what is to
be done, including transfer from bed to erect position, distance of ambulation,
assistance available, and correct manner.
What should the PT do if feeling dizzy or weak? - ANSWER Alert the nurse.
What should be ensured before ambulation? - ANSWER That the PT has a clear
path.
What type of footwear should the PT have? - ANSWER Skidproof footwear.
What position should the PT be in for ambulation? - ANSWER Erect position.
When should a pause be taken during ambulation? - ANSWER After the PT is
seated at the edge of the bed and after the PT first stands to ensure steadiness.
What should be done if the PT faints or falls? - ANSWER Stand with feet apart,
wide base, rock pelvis out on the side facing the PT. Use a gait belt and guide
the PT slowly to the floor while supporting them on the thigh, protecting PT
head.
