ATI Test Perfusion,
Oxygenation &
Acid-Base Balance |
Alabama
Community College
Exam
,
,SECTION 1: PERFUSION (Questions 1-30)
Cardiac Function & Assessment
Q1. A nurse is auscultating a client's heart sounds and hears a low-pitched
whooshing or blowing sound over the apex of the heart. The nurse should
identify that this indicates which of the following?
A. S3 heart sound
B. S4 heart sound
C. Murmur
D. Pericardial friction rub
,,,ANSWER,,,: C. Murmur
Rationale: A low-pitched whooshing or blowing sound indicates turbulent blood
flow through a heart valve, known as a murmur. Murmurs can be systolic or
diastolic and may indicate valvular stenosis or regurgitation. S3 and S4 are extra
heart sounds (gallops), while a pericardial friction rub sounds like a scratchy,
grating sound .
Q2. A nurse is explaining the sequence of electrical conduction in the heart to
a newly licensed nurse. What is the correct sequence of the transmission of
electrical impulses?
A. AV node → SA node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
B. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
C. Bundle of His → SA node → AV node → Purkinje fibers
D. Purkinje fibers → Bundle of His → AV node → SA node
,,,ANSWER,,,: B. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
, Rationale: The correct sequence of cardiac electrical conduction is: (1) SA node
(the natural pacemaker), (2) AV node (delays impulse to allow ventricular filling),
(3) Bundle of His (conducts impulse to ventricles), and (4) Purkinje fibers
(distribute impulse to ventricular myocardium) .
Q3. A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has heart disease
and a narrowed valve. Which of the following findings should the nurse
expect?
A. Regurgitation
B. Stenosis
C. Prolapse
D. Insufficiency
,,,ANSWER,,,: B. Stenosis
Rationale: Stenosis is the narrowing of a heart valve, which prevents blood from
moving forward through the valve. Regurgitation occurs when a valve does not
close fully, allowing backward flow. Prolapse is a condition where valve leaflets
bulge backward into the atrium .
Q4. Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for experiencing a stroke?
A. A 46-year-old White female with hypertension and oral contraceptive use for 10
years
B. A 58-year-old White male salesman with a total cholesterol level of 285 mg/dL
C. A 42-year-old African American female with diabetes mellitus who has smoked
for 30 years
Oxygenation &
Acid-Base Balance |
Alabama
Community College
Exam
,
,SECTION 1: PERFUSION (Questions 1-30)
Cardiac Function & Assessment
Q1. A nurse is auscultating a client's heart sounds and hears a low-pitched
whooshing or blowing sound over the apex of the heart. The nurse should
identify that this indicates which of the following?
A. S3 heart sound
B. S4 heart sound
C. Murmur
D. Pericardial friction rub
,,,ANSWER,,,: C. Murmur
Rationale: A low-pitched whooshing or blowing sound indicates turbulent blood
flow through a heart valve, known as a murmur. Murmurs can be systolic or
diastolic and may indicate valvular stenosis or regurgitation. S3 and S4 are extra
heart sounds (gallops), while a pericardial friction rub sounds like a scratchy,
grating sound .
Q2. A nurse is explaining the sequence of electrical conduction in the heart to
a newly licensed nurse. What is the correct sequence of the transmission of
electrical impulses?
A. AV node → SA node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
B. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
C. Bundle of His → SA node → AV node → Purkinje fibers
D. Purkinje fibers → Bundle of His → AV node → SA node
,,,ANSWER,,,: B. SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers
, Rationale: The correct sequence of cardiac electrical conduction is: (1) SA node
(the natural pacemaker), (2) AV node (delays impulse to allow ventricular filling),
(3) Bundle of His (conducts impulse to ventricles), and (4) Purkinje fibers
(distribute impulse to ventricular myocardium) .
Q3. A nurse is reviewing the medical history of a client who has heart disease
and a narrowed valve. Which of the following findings should the nurse
expect?
A. Regurgitation
B. Stenosis
C. Prolapse
D. Insufficiency
,,,ANSWER,,,: B. Stenosis
Rationale: Stenosis is the narrowing of a heart valve, which prevents blood from
moving forward through the valve. Regurgitation occurs when a valve does not
close fully, allowing backward flow. Prolapse is a condition where valve leaflets
bulge backward into the atrium .
Q4. Which of the following clients is at greatest risk for experiencing a stroke?
A. A 46-year-old White female with hypertension and oral contraceptive use for 10
years
B. A 58-year-old White male salesman with a total cholesterol level of 285 mg/dL
C. A 42-year-old African American female with diabetes mellitus who has smoked
for 30 years
