National University NSG 403 Final Exam
Questions With Complete Answers
Philosophy definition (Doheny) - ANSWER beliefs of a person/group of persons
and reveals underlying values and attitudes regarding an area
Building blocks of philosophy - ANSWER attitudes, beliefs and values
values - ANSWER refer to what normative standard should be
beliefs - ANSWER indicate what we value; have a faith component
realism - ANSWER seeing is believing; static world
idealism - ANSWER more than meets the eye; evolving world
Nursing philosophy - ANSWER A statement of foundational and universal
assumptions, beliefs, and principals about the nature of knowledge and thought
(epistemology) and about the nature of the entities represented in the
metaparadigm
Epistemology - ANSWER the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its
methods, validity, and scope.
Metaparadigm of nursing - ANSWER nursing practice and human health
processes (ontology).
Ontology - ANSWER the study of being; a set of concepts and categories in a
subject area or domain that shows their properties and the relations between
them.
Philosophy's purpose - ANSWER define how one finds truth
Four Topics Method/ 4-Box Approach - ANSWER Case-based/bottom-up,
inductive, casuistry (=the resolving of moral problems by the application of
theoretical rules to particular instances) approach
Topics of 4-Box Approach - ANSWER Medical indications, Patient preferences,
Quality of Life, and Contextual features
, Patient Preferences - ANSWER respects autonomy; asking if patient is: mentally
capable? has a Tx preference? been informed of benefits and risks? given
consent? If not capable, is there a surrogate? advanced directive? Is pt.
unwilling/unable to cooperate?
Medical Indications - ANSWER principles of beneficence and non-maleficence;
determine: medical problem, Hx/Dx/Px, chronic/acute/critical/emergent, Tx
goals, probability of success, plans of Tx failure, *how to benefit patient and
avoid harm
Quality of life - ANSWER takes into consideration beneficence, non-maleficence
AND autonomy; asks: prospects for return to a normal life? deficits? biases on
behalf of provider? plan to forego Tx? plan for palliative care?
Contextual features - ANSWER principles of loyalty and fairness; considers:
family issues influencing Tx, provider issues, religious/sociocultural concerns,
financial issues, limits of confidentiality, laws, clinical research, teaching
Ethical principalism - ANSWER involves using a set of ethical principles drawn
from the common or widely shared conception of morality
Autonomy - ANSWER ability to self-rule
Beneficence - ANSWER facilitate well-being; includes paternalism
Nonmaleficence - ANSWER do no harm; avoid negligence; provision of
extraordinary/heroic Tx; make decisions regarding withholding/withdrawing Tx
Paternalism - ANSWER acting in ways to promote patient's own good rather than
allowing them to exercise autonomy
Justice - ANSWER fair distribution of benefits and burdens
4 topics of ethical principalism - ANSWER autonomy, beneficence,
nonmaleficence, and justice
Cultural competency - ANSWER ability to interact with different cultures and
backgrounds effectively
Public image of nursing - ANSWER most trusted profession; education level is
often underestimated (many people do not know that there are MSN and
doctorate levels)
Media portrayal of nurses - ANSWER either young, seductive, questionable
intellect, or old, overweight, rude, questionable empathy
Questions With Complete Answers
Philosophy definition (Doheny) - ANSWER beliefs of a person/group of persons
and reveals underlying values and attitudes regarding an area
Building blocks of philosophy - ANSWER attitudes, beliefs and values
values - ANSWER refer to what normative standard should be
beliefs - ANSWER indicate what we value; have a faith component
realism - ANSWER seeing is believing; static world
idealism - ANSWER more than meets the eye; evolving world
Nursing philosophy - ANSWER A statement of foundational and universal
assumptions, beliefs, and principals about the nature of knowledge and thought
(epistemology) and about the nature of the entities represented in the
metaparadigm
Epistemology - ANSWER the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its
methods, validity, and scope.
Metaparadigm of nursing - ANSWER nursing practice and human health
processes (ontology).
Ontology - ANSWER the study of being; a set of concepts and categories in a
subject area or domain that shows their properties and the relations between
them.
Philosophy's purpose - ANSWER define how one finds truth
Four Topics Method/ 4-Box Approach - ANSWER Case-based/bottom-up,
inductive, casuistry (=the resolving of moral problems by the application of
theoretical rules to particular instances) approach
Topics of 4-Box Approach - ANSWER Medical indications, Patient preferences,
Quality of Life, and Contextual features
, Patient Preferences - ANSWER respects autonomy; asking if patient is: mentally
capable? has a Tx preference? been informed of benefits and risks? given
consent? If not capable, is there a surrogate? advanced directive? Is pt.
unwilling/unable to cooperate?
Medical Indications - ANSWER principles of beneficence and non-maleficence;
determine: medical problem, Hx/Dx/Px, chronic/acute/critical/emergent, Tx
goals, probability of success, plans of Tx failure, *how to benefit patient and
avoid harm
Quality of life - ANSWER takes into consideration beneficence, non-maleficence
AND autonomy; asks: prospects for return to a normal life? deficits? biases on
behalf of provider? plan to forego Tx? plan for palliative care?
Contextual features - ANSWER principles of loyalty and fairness; considers:
family issues influencing Tx, provider issues, religious/sociocultural concerns,
financial issues, limits of confidentiality, laws, clinical research, teaching
Ethical principalism - ANSWER involves using a set of ethical principles drawn
from the common or widely shared conception of morality
Autonomy - ANSWER ability to self-rule
Beneficence - ANSWER facilitate well-being; includes paternalism
Nonmaleficence - ANSWER do no harm; avoid negligence; provision of
extraordinary/heroic Tx; make decisions regarding withholding/withdrawing Tx
Paternalism - ANSWER acting in ways to promote patient's own good rather than
allowing them to exercise autonomy
Justice - ANSWER fair distribution of benefits and burdens
4 topics of ethical principalism - ANSWER autonomy, beneficence,
nonmaleficence, and justice
Cultural competency - ANSWER ability to interact with different cultures and
backgrounds effectively
Public image of nursing - ANSWER most trusted profession; education level is
often underestimated (many people do not know that there are MSN and
doctorate levels)
Media portrayal of nurses - ANSWER either young, seductive, questionable
intellect, or old, overweight, rude, questionable empathy
