Population Health Midterm Questions and
Correct Answers with Complete Solution | Latest
Update 2026
ID the determinants of health - ANSWERS 1. Social/Societal Characteristics
(the most influence)
2. Medical care
3. Health Behaviors
4. Genes and Biology
ID the social determinants of health - ANSWERS 1. Economic Stability
2. Neighborhood and Physical environment
3. Education
4. Food
5. Community and Social context
6. Health Care System
Describe the association between health behaviors and health outcomes -
ANSWERS The less determinants of health on your side the easier it is to reach
health outcomes
Man pushing ball up steep hill, man climbing hill
,Formulate examples of social determinants of health - ANSWERS Social Norms
and attitudes(discrimination, racism, and distrust of government)
Availability of resources to meet daily needs
Socioeconomic conditions
Access to educational, economic, and job opportunities
Access to health care services
Residential segregation
Public safety
Availability of community based resources in support of community living and
opportunities for recreational and leisure-time activities
Social Support
Exposure to crime, violence and social disorder(presence of trash and lack of
cooperation in a community)
Describe the impact of chronic stress on health outcomes - ANSWERS Chronic
stress leads to weakened stress response when most needed such as an illness
Stress Cascade- what does the body do? - ANSWERS Once stress is detected
hypothalamus sends messages to the pituitary
Messages converted to hormones
In case of stress the hormones stimulate the adrenal glands
Fight or flight in the adrenal glands - ANSWERS Immediate response to
immediate threat
Increase HR and BP
Shunts blood from certain organs to vital organs and muscles
, Increased cortisol for energy
Once threat is gone cortisol slowly returns to normal
After threat is over the body recharges and stores up sufficient stress response
hormones in the adrenal glands
Explain the Transtheoretical Model - ANSWERS Basic premise is that behavior
change is a process not an event
Explain Motivational interviewing principles - ANSWERS 1. Express empathy
2. Work with ambivalence
3. Avoid argumentation
4. Roll with resistance
5. Support self-efficacy
Articulate the stages of change model - ANSWERS 1. Precontemplation: Denies
problem and its importance; Clinician strategies- ask permission to discuss
problem, express concern
2. Contemplation: Weighs pros and cons; CS- elicit patient's perspective first
3. Preparation/Determination: begins to form commitment to specific goal,
methods and timetable; CS_ Negotiate a start date to begin some or all change
activities
4. Action: follows plan of regular activity to change problem; CS- discuss difference
between slip and relapse
5. Maintenance: has varying levels of awareness regarding importance of long
term vigilance; CS- support life-style and personnel redefinition that reduce risk of
relapse
Correct Answers with Complete Solution | Latest
Update 2026
ID the determinants of health - ANSWERS 1. Social/Societal Characteristics
(the most influence)
2. Medical care
3. Health Behaviors
4. Genes and Biology
ID the social determinants of health - ANSWERS 1. Economic Stability
2. Neighborhood and Physical environment
3. Education
4. Food
5. Community and Social context
6. Health Care System
Describe the association between health behaviors and health outcomes -
ANSWERS The less determinants of health on your side the easier it is to reach
health outcomes
Man pushing ball up steep hill, man climbing hill
,Formulate examples of social determinants of health - ANSWERS Social Norms
and attitudes(discrimination, racism, and distrust of government)
Availability of resources to meet daily needs
Socioeconomic conditions
Access to educational, economic, and job opportunities
Access to health care services
Residential segregation
Public safety
Availability of community based resources in support of community living and
opportunities for recreational and leisure-time activities
Social Support
Exposure to crime, violence and social disorder(presence of trash and lack of
cooperation in a community)
Describe the impact of chronic stress on health outcomes - ANSWERS Chronic
stress leads to weakened stress response when most needed such as an illness
Stress Cascade- what does the body do? - ANSWERS Once stress is detected
hypothalamus sends messages to the pituitary
Messages converted to hormones
In case of stress the hormones stimulate the adrenal glands
Fight or flight in the adrenal glands - ANSWERS Immediate response to
immediate threat
Increase HR and BP
Shunts blood from certain organs to vital organs and muscles
, Increased cortisol for energy
Once threat is gone cortisol slowly returns to normal
After threat is over the body recharges and stores up sufficient stress response
hormones in the adrenal glands
Explain the Transtheoretical Model - ANSWERS Basic premise is that behavior
change is a process not an event
Explain Motivational interviewing principles - ANSWERS 1. Express empathy
2. Work with ambivalence
3. Avoid argumentation
4. Roll with resistance
5. Support self-efficacy
Articulate the stages of change model - ANSWERS 1. Precontemplation: Denies
problem and its importance; Clinician strategies- ask permission to discuss
problem, express concern
2. Contemplation: Weighs pros and cons; CS- elicit patient's perspective first
3. Preparation/Determination: begins to form commitment to specific goal,
methods and timetable; CS_ Negotiate a start date to begin some or all change
activities
4. Action: follows plan of regular activity to change problem; CS- discuss difference
between slip and relapse
5. Maintenance: has varying levels of awareness regarding importance of long
term vigilance; CS- support life-style and personnel redefinition that reduce risk of
relapse
