NR 601 Primary Care of the Maturing & Aged Family Final Exam Study
Guide: (Latest 2025/2026 Update) Overview Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct
(Verified Answers)
Subject: Primary Care of the Maturing & Aged Family (NR 601) – Final Exam Study Guide: Urinary
Incontinence, UTI, BPH, Dementia, Delirium, Parkinson's, Stroke, Dizziness, Sleep Disorders, Palliative
Care, Medicare, Elder Abuse
Source: Final Exam Study Guide Blueprint – Urge/Stress/Mixed Incontinence, UTI Treatment, BPH
Medications, Cognitive Screening, Fall Prevention, End-of-Life Care, CURB-65, BEERS Criteria
Format: Q&A Study Guide with Rationale – 100% Verified Answers
Verified: Latest 2025/2026 Update | Grade A Guaranteed
1: Define urinary incontinence.
Correct Answer: Inability to control urination, leading to involuntary leakage.
1. Affects up to 50% of older women; underreported.
2. Assess with bladder diary, post-void residual, urinalysis.
3. First-line: behavioral therapies (Kegel, bladder training).
2: What is urge incontinence?
Correct Answer: Leakage preceded by urgency; uninhibited bladder contractions (detrusor
overactivity).
1. Treatment: antimuscarinics (oxybutynin, tolterodine), beta-3 agonists (mirabegron).
2. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, acidic foods.
3. Bladder training (timed voiding).
3: Define stress incontinence.
Correct Answer: Leakage during effort, sneezing, or coughing due to sphincter
weakness/hypermobility.
1. First-line: pelvic floor exercises, weight loss.
2. Duloxetine (SNRI) off-label; surgical sling for refractory.
3. Risk factors: vaginal delivery, obesity, chronic coughing.
4: Which medications can cause urinary retention in men via outlet obstruction?
Correct Answer: Alpha-adrenergic agonists (pseudoephedrine, decongestants).
1. Alpha-blockers (tamsulosin) used to treat BPH; agonists worsen obstruction.
2. Anticholinergics also cause retention (bladder relaxation).
3. Review medications in patients with new or worsening incontinence.
, 5: What is the gold standard surgery for stress incontinence?
Correct Answer: Colposuspension and urethral slings are gold standards.
1. Mid-urethral slings are minimally invasive, high success rate.
2. Colposuspension (Burch) more invasive, reserved for complex cases.
3. Failure of conservative treatment required.
6: Signs of cystitis (lower UTI) include what?
Correct Answer: Suprapubic pain, dysuria, frequency, urgency.
1. UA: positive leukocyte esterase, nitrites; WBCs, RBCs.
2. Culture gold standard; treat empirically with local antibiogram.
3. Nitrofurantoin 100mg BID x5 days; TMP-SMX if local resistance <20%.
7: Symptoms of pyelonephritis include?
Correct Answer: Fever, chills, flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, nausea/vomiting.
1. Hospitalize if ill-appearing, elderly, unstable, pregnant, or unable to tolerate oral.
2. Outpatient: ciprofloxacin 500mg BID x7 days or levofloxacin 750mg daily x7 days.
3. Beta-lactams (ceftriaxone) for 10-14 days in severe cases or resistance.
8: What are risk factors for urge incontinence?
Correct Answer: Diabetes, CVA, dementia, Parkinson's disease, MS, spinal cord injury.
1. Neurologic conditions disrupt bladder control circuitry.
2. Treat underlying condition; behavioral therapies first-line.
3. Tibial nerve stimulation or sacral neuromodulation for refractory.
9: What are common BPH symptoms?
Correct Answer: Incomplete emptying, frequency, urgency, weak stream, hesitancy, nocturia.
1. Assess with AUA Symptom Score (IPSS).
2. DRE: enlarged, smooth, rubbery prostate; no nodules (rule out cancer).
3. First-line: alpha-blockers (tamsulosin) for symptom relief; 5-ARIs (finasteride) for large
prostates.
10: Side effects of alpha-blockers used for BPH?
Correct Answer: Ejaculatory dysfunction (retrograde or decreased volume), dizziness, orthostatic
hypotension.
1. Tamsulosin is prostate-selective with fewer CV effects.
2. Caution in patients on antihypertensives (additive hypotension).
3. Start at low dose; titrate to effect.
Guide: (Latest 2025/2026 Update) Overview Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct
(Verified Answers)
Subject: Primary Care of the Maturing & Aged Family (NR 601) – Final Exam Study Guide: Urinary
Incontinence, UTI, BPH, Dementia, Delirium, Parkinson's, Stroke, Dizziness, Sleep Disorders, Palliative
Care, Medicare, Elder Abuse
Source: Final Exam Study Guide Blueprint – Urge/Stress/Mixed Incontinence, UTI Treatment, BPH
Medications, Cognitive Screening, Fall Prevention, End-of-Life Care, CURB-65, BEERS Criteria
Format: Q&A Study Guide with Rationale – 100% Verified Answers
Verified: Latest 2025/2026 Update | Grade A Guaranteed
1: Define urinary incontinence.
Correct Answer: Inability to control urination, leading to involuntary leakage.
1. Affects up to 50% of older women; underreported.
2. Assess with bladder diary, post-void residual, urinalysis.
3. First-line: behavioral therapies (Kegel, bladder training).
2: What is urge incontinence?
Correct Answer: Leakage preceded by urgency; uninhibited bladder contractions (detrusor
overactivity).
1. Treatment: antimuscarinics (oxybutynin, tolterodine), beta-3 agonists (mirabegron).
2. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, acidic foods.
3. Bladder training (timed voiding).
3: Define stress incontinence.
Correct Answer: Leakage during effort, sneezing, or coughing due to sphincter
weakness/hypermobility.
1. First-line: pelvic floor exercises, weight loss.
2. Duloxetine (SNRI) off-label; surgical sling for refractory.
3. Risk factors: vaginal delivery, obesity, chronic coughing.
4: Which medications can cause urinary retention in men via outlet obstruction?
Correct Answer: Alpha-adrenergic agonists (pseudoephedrine, decongestants).
1. Alpha-blockers (tamsulosin) used to treat BPH; agonists worsen obstruction.
2. Anticholinergics also cause retention (bladder relaxation).
3. Review medications in patients with new or worsening incontinence.
, 5: What is the gold standard surgery for stress incontinence?
Correct Answer: Colposuspension and urethral slings are gold standards.
1. Mid-urethral slings are minimally invasive, high success rate.
2. Colposuspension (Burch) more invasive, reserved for complex cases.
3. Failure of conservative treatment required.
6: Signs of cystitis (lower UTI) include what?
Correct Answer: Suprapubic pain, dysuria, frequency, urgency.
1. UA: positive leukocyte esterase, nitrites; WBCs, RBCs.
2. Culture gold standard; treat empirically with local antibiogram.
3. Nitrofurantoin 100mg BID x5 days; TMP-SMX if local resistance <20%.
7: Symptoms of pyelonephritis include?
Correct Answer: Fever, chills, flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, nausea/vomiting.
1. Hospitalize if ill-appearing, elderly, unstable, pregnant, or unable to tolerate oral.
2. Outpatient: ciprofloxacin 500mg BID x7 days or levofloxacin 750mg daily x7 days.
3. Beta-lactams (ceftriaxone) for 10-14 days in severe cases or resistance.
8: What are risk factors for urge incontinence?
Correct Answer: Diabetes, CVA, dementia, Parkinson's disease, MS, spinal cord injury.
1. Neurologic conditions disrupt bladder control circuitry.
2. Treat underlying condition; behavioral therapies first-line.
3. Tibial nerve stimulation or sacral neuromodulation for refractory.
9: What are common BPH symptoms?
Correct Answer: Incomplete emptying, frequency, urgency, weak stream, hesitancy, nocturia.
1. Assess with AUA Symptom Score (IPSS).
2. DRE: enlarged, smooth, rubbery prostate; no nodules (rule out cancer).
3. First-line: alpha-blockers (tamsulosin) for symptom relief; 5-ARIs (finasteride) for large
prostates.
10: Side effects of alpha-blockers used for BPH?
Correct Answer: Ejaculatory dysfunction (retrograde or decreased volume), dizziness, orthostatic
hypotension.
1. Tamsulosin is prostate-selective with fewer CV effects.
2. Caution in patients on antihypertensives (additive hypotension).
3. Start at low dose; titrate to effect.
