Page 1 of 75
NUR 1211-E MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
COMPREHENSIVE 2026 QUESTIONS EXAM LATEST
VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED
100 %
NUR 1211-E Medical-Surgical Nursing I Questions And Answers. Latest 2026
, Page 2 of 75
Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved pain has been
associated with
a. prolonged stress response and a cascade of harmful effects system wide.
b. decreased tumor growth and longevity
c. large tidal volumes and decreased lung capacity
d. decreased carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction
A
Pain triggers a number of physiologic stress responses in the human body.
Unrelieved pain can prolong the stress response and produce a cascade of harmful
effects in all body systems. The stress response causes the endocrine system to
release excessive amounts of hormones, such as cortisol, catecholamines, and
glucagon. Insulin and testosterone levels decrease. Increased endocrine activity in
turn initiates a number of metabolic processes, in particular, accelerated
carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction, whcih can result in weight loss,
tachycardia, increased respiratory rate, shock, and even death. The immune system
is also affected by pain as demonstrated by research showing a link between
unrelieved pain and a higher incidence of nosocomial infections and increased tumor
growth. Large tidal volumes are not associated with pain while decreased lung
capacity is associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased tumor growth and longevity
are not associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased carbs, protein, and fat are not
associated with pain or stress response.
Which intervention in a client with dehydration induced confusion is most
likely to relieve the confusion?
a. increasing the IV flow rate to 250 mL/hr
b. applying oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
c. placing the client in a high Fowler's position
d. Measuring intake and output every four hours
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A
Dehydration most frequently leads to poor cerebra perfusion and cerebral hypoxia,
causing confusion. Applying oxygen can reduce confusion, even if perfusion is still
less than optimum. Increasing the IV flow rate would increase perfusion. However,
depending on the degree of dehydration, rehydrating the person too rapidly with IV
fluids can lead to cerebral edema.
Which client is at greatest risk for dehydration?
a. younger adult client on bedrest
b. older adult client receiving hypotonic IV fluid
c. older adult client with cognitive impairment
d. younger adult client receiving hypertonic IV fluid
C
Older adults, because they have less total body water than younger adults, are at
greater risk for development of dehydration. Anyone who is cognitively impaired and
cannot obtain fluids independently or cannot make his or her need for fluids known is
at high risk for dehydration
A nurse is caring for several clients. Which client does the nurse assess most
carefully for hyperkalemia?
a. client with type 2 diabetes taking an oral anti-diabetic agent
b. client with heart failure using a salt substitute
c. client taking a thiazide diuretic for hypertension
d. client taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs daily
B
Many salt substitutes are composed of potassium chloride. Heavy use cna contribute
to the development of hyperkalemia. The client should be taught to read labels and
to choose a salt substitute that does not contain potassium. NSAIDs promote the
retention of sodium but not potassium.
An older adult client presents with signs and symptoms related to dig toxicity.
Which age related change may have contributed to this problem?
, Page 4 of 75
a. decreased renal blood flow
b. increased gastrointestinal motility
c. decreased ratio of adipose tissue to lean body mass
d. increased total body water
A
Decreased renal blood flow and reduced glomerular filtration can result in slower
medication excretion time, potentially leading to toxic drug accumulation. Aging
results in decreased total body water and gastrointestinal motility and an increase in
the ratio of adipose tissue to lean body mass, but is not related to dig toxicity.
A client is being treated for dehydration. Which statement made by the client
indicates understanding of this condition?
a. I will use a salt substitute when making and eating my meals.
b. I must drink a quart of water or other liquid each day.
c. I will not drink liquids after 6 PM so I won't have to get up at night.
d. I will weigh myself each morning before I eat or drink.
D
Because 1 L of water weighs 1 kg, change in body weight is a good measure of
excess fluid loss or fluid retention. Weight loss greater than 0.5 lb daily is indicative
of excessive fluid loss. The other statements are not indicative of practices that will
prevent dehydration.
The nurse notes that the handgrip of the client with hypokalemia has
diminished since the previous assessment one hour ago. Which intervention
by the nurse is the priority?
a. assess the client's respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth
b. document findings and monitor the client
c. measure the client's pulse and blood pressure
d. call the health care provider
A
In a client with hypokkalemia, progressive skeletal muscle weakness is associated
NUR 1211-E MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
COMPREHENSIVE 2026 QUESTIONS EXAM LATEST
VERSION SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS VERIFIED
100 %
NUR 1211-E Medical-Surgical Nursing I Questions And Answers. Latest 2026
, Page 2 of 75
Controlling pain is important to promoting wellness. Unrelieved pain has been
associated with
a. prolonged stress response and a cascade of harmful effects system wide.
b. decreased tumor growth and longevity
c. large tidal volumes and decreased lung capacity
d. decreased carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction
A
Pain triggers a number of physiologic stress responses in the human body.
Unrelieved pain can prolong the stress response and produce a cascade of harmful
effects in all body systems. The stress response causes the endocrine system to
release excessive amounts of hormones, such as cortisol, catecholamines, and
glucagon. Insulin and testosterone levels decrease. Increased endocrine activity in
turn initiates a number of metabolic processes, in particular, accelerated
carbohydrate, protein, and fat destruction, whcih can result in weight loss,
tachycardia, increased respiratory rate, shock, and even death. The immune system
is also affected by pain as demonstrated by research showing a link between
unrelieved pain and a higher incidence of nosocomial infections and increased tumor
growth. Large tidal volumes are not associated with pain while decreased lung
capacity is associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased tumor growth and longevity
are not associated with unrelieved pain. Decreased carbs, protein, and fat are not
associated with pain or stress response.
Which intervention in a client with dehydration induced confusion is most
likely to relieve the confusion?
a. increasing the IV flow rate to 250 mL/hr
b. applying oxygen by mask or nasal cannula
c. placing the client in a high Fowler's position
d. Measuring intake and output every four hours
, Page 3 of 75
A
Dehydration most frequently leads to poor cerebra perfusion and cerebral hypoxia,
causing confusion. Applying oxygen can reduce confusion, even if perfusion is still
less than optimum. Increasing the IV flow rate would increase perfusion. However,
depending on the degree of dehydration, rehydrating the person too rapidly with IV
fluids can lead to cerebral edema.
Which client is at greatest risk for dehydration?
a. younger adult client on bedrest
b. older adult client receiving hypotonic IV fluid
c. older adult client with cognitive impairment
d. younger adult client receiving hypertonic IV fluid
C
Older adults, because they have less total body water than younger adults, are at
greater risk for development of dehydration. Anyone who is cognitively impaired and
cannot obtain fluids independently or cannot make his or her need for fluids known is
at high risk for dehydration
A nurse is caring for several clients. Which client does the nurse assess most
carefully for hyperkalemia?
a. client with type 2 diabetes taking an oral anti-diabetic agent
b. client with heart failure using a salt substitute
c. client taking a thiazide diuretic for hypertension
d. client taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs daily
B
Many salt substitutes are composed of potassium chloride. Heavy use cna contribute
to the development of hyperkalemia. The client should be taught to read labels and
to choose a salt substitute that does not contain potassium. NSAIDs promote the
retention of sodium but not potassium.
An older adult client presents with signs and symptoms related to dig toxicity.
Which age related change may have contributed to this problem?
, Page 4 of 75
a. decreased renal blood flow
b. increased gastrointestinal motility
c. decreased ratio of adipose tissue to lean body mass
d. increased total body water
A
Decreased renal blood flow and reduced glomerular filtration can result in slower
medication excretion time, potentially leading to toxic drug accumulation. Aging
results in decreased total body water and gastrointestinal motility and an increase in
the ratio of adipose tissue to lean body mass, but is not related to dig toxicity.
A client is being treated for dehydration. Which statement made by the client
indicates understanding of this condition?
a. I will use a salt substitute when making and eating my meals.
b. I must drink a quart of water or other liquid each day.
c. I will not drink liquids after 6 PM so I won't have to get up at night.
d. I will weigh myself each morning before I eat or drink.
D
Because 1 L of water weighs 1 kg, change in body weight is a good measure of
excess fluid loss or fluid retention. Weight loss greater than 0.5 lb daily is indicative
of excessive fluid loss. The other statements are not indicative of practices that will
prevent dehydration.
The nurse notes that the handgrip of the client with hypokalemia has
diminished since the previous assessment one hour ago. Which intervention
by the nurse is the priority?
a. assess the client's respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth
b. document findings and monitor the client
c. measure the client's pulse and blood pressure
d. call the health care provider
A
In a client with hypokkalemia, progressive skeletal muscle weakness is associated
