BMD Exam 3 Review UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER The process of delivering blood to a capillary bed
in the biological tissue.
What is closed circulation? - CORRECT ANSWER A type of circulatory system where blood is
contained within vessels and does not leave the circulatory system.
Differentiate between arteries, veins, and capillaries. - CORRECT ANSWER Arteries carry
blood away from the heart, veins carry blood back to the heart, and capillaries are small vessels where
gas and nutrient exchange occurs.
What are plasma fluid, interstitial fluid, and lymph fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER Plasma fluid
is the liquid component of blood; interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells; lymph fluid is the fluid
that circulates in the lymphatic system.
What is a tunic in relation to blood vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER A tunic refers to the layers
of tissue that make up the walls of blood vessels.
What is the lumen of a blood vessel? - CORRECT ANSWER The lumen is the hollow interior
space of a blood vessel through which blood flows.
Describe the three vessel tunics. - CORRECT ANSWER The tunica intima (inner layer), tunica
media (middle layer of smooth muscle), and tunica externa (outer layer of connective tissue).
What is the effect of smooth muscle contraction on blood vessel diameter? - CORRECT
ANSWER Contraction of smooth muscle narrows the blood vessel diameter, increasing
resistance and reducing blood flow.
What is the function of the vasa vasorum? - CORRECT ANSWER The vasa vasorum are small
blood vessels that supply blood to the walls of larger blood vessels.
, What is the order of vessel tunic layers from the lumen outward? - CORRECT
ANSWER Lumen, tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa.
Trace the route of blood vessels starting at the heart. - CORRECT ANSWER Heart → arteries
→ arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins → heart.
What are elastic arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER Large arteries that are capable of stretching
and recoiling to accommodate blood flow from the heart.
What are muscular arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER Medium-sized arteries that distribute
blood to specific body regions and have a thicker tunica media.
What are arterioles? - CORRECT ANSWER Small blood vessels that regulate blood flow into
capillary beds.
What are capillaries? - CORRECT ANSWER Microscopic blood vessels where exchange of
gases, nutrients, and waste occurs between blood and tissues.
Define pericyte. - CORRECT ANSWER A contractile cell that wraps around the endothelial
cells of capillaries and helps regulate blood flow.
What is an intercellular cleft? - CORRECT ANSWER A small gap between adjacent
endothelial cells in capillaries that allows for the passage of substances.
What is fenestration? - CORRECT ANSWER Small pores in the endothelial lining of certain
capillaries that allow for increased permeability.
What is a sinusoid? - CORRECT ANSWER A type of capillary with larger openings that allows
for the passage of larger molecules and cells.
What is a capillary bed? - CORRECT ANSWER A network of capillaries that supply blood to a
specific tissue or organ.
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What is perfusion? - CORRECT ANSWER The process of delivering blood to a capillary bed
in the biological tissue.
What is closed circulation? - CORRECT ANSWER A type of circulatory system where blood is
contained within vessels and does not leave the circulatory system.
Differentiate between arteries, veins, and capillaries. - CORRECT ANSWER Arteries carry
blood away from the heart, veins carry blood back to the heart, and capillaries are small vessels where
gas and nutrient exchange occurs.
What are plasma fluid, interstitial fluid, and lymph fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER Plasma fluid
is the liquid component of blood; interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells; lymph fluid is the fluid
that circulates in the lymphatic system.
What is a tunic in relation to blood vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER A tunic refers to the layers
of tissue that make up the walls of blood vessels.
What is the lumen of a blood vessel? - CORRECT ANSWER The lumen is the hollow interior
space of a blood vessel through which blood flows.
Describe the three vessel tunics. - CORRECT ANSWER The tunica intima (inner layer), tunica
media (middle layer of smooth muscle), and tunica externa (outer layer of connective tissue).
What is the effect of smooth muscle contraction on blood vessel diameter? - CORRECT
ANSWER Contraction of smooth muscle narrows the blood vessel diameter, increasing
resistance and reducing blood flow.
What is the function of the vasa vasorum? - CORRECT ANSWER The vasa vasorum are small
blood vessels that supply blood to the walls of larger blood vessels.
, What is the order of vessel tunic layers from the lumen outward? - CORRECT
ANSWER Lumen, tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa.
Trace the route of blood vessels starting at the heart. - CORRECT ANSWER Heart → arteries
→ arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins → heart.
What are elastic arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER Large arteries that are capable of stretching
and recoiling to accommodate blood flow from the heart.
What are muscular arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER Medium-sized arteries that distribute
blood to specific body regions and have a thicker tunica media.
What are arterioles? - CORRECT ANSWER Small blood vessels that regulate blood flow into
capillary beds.
What are capillaries? - CORRECT ANSWER Microscopic blood vessels where exchange of
gases, nutrients, and waste occurs between blood and tissues.
Define pericyte. - CORRECT ANSWER A contractile cell that wraps around the endothelial
cells of capillaries and helps regulate blood flow.
What is an intercellular cleft? - CORRECT ANSWER A small gap between adjacent
endothelial cells in capillaries that allows for the passage of substances.
What is fenestration? - CORRECT ANSWER Small pores in the endothelial lining of certain
capillaries that allow for increased permeability.
What is a sinusoid? - CORRECT ANSWER A type of capillary with larger openings that allows
for the passage of larger molecules and cells.
What is a capillary bed? - CORRECT ANSWER A network of capillaries that supply blood to a
specific tissue or organ.
