BMD Exam 4 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Relationship between lymph, interstitial fluid, and blood plasma - CORRECT ANSWER lymph
is derived from interstitial fluid, which in turn originates from plasma
define septicemia - CORRECT ANSWER persistent pathogens or their toxins in blood
Define sepsis - CORRECT ANSWER systemic inflammatory response due to toxin presence
Define severe sepsis - CORRECT ANSWER sepsis + decreased blood pressure + dysfunction
of one organ (BP can be increased with fluid administration)
Define septic shock - CORRECT ANSWER sepsis + extremely low blood pressure + multiple
organ failure (BP cannot be increased with fluid administration)
Define lymphangitis - CORRECT ANSWER inflamed lymphatic vessels that occurs as a result
of infection at a site distal to inflammation (a classic sign of sepsis)
How does endotoxic shock affect cytokine levels? - CORRECT ANSWER endotoxic shock
leads to a massive release of inflammatory cytokines
Three bacteria associated with gram-positive sepsis - CORRECT ANSWER streptococcus
agalactiae (GBS), Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis
Causative agents and transmission of childbed (puerperal) fever - CORRECT
ANSWER Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (GpA), streptococcus agalactiae (GBS), and
various Staphylococci
How is childbed (puerperal) fever tranmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER transmitted to mother
during childbirth by attending physicians/midwives (iatrogenic infection)
, what is subacute endocarditis? - CORRECT ANSWER subacute is slowly developing
endocarditis (fever, weakness, and murmur) and caused by alpha-hemolytic Streptococci from oral
cavity
What is acute endocarditis? - CORRECT ANSWER Acute is rapidly developing endocarditis
(heart valve destruction), caused by Staphylococcus aureus from oral cavity
Describe the process leading to infective pericarditis - CORRECT ANSWER Inflammation of
pericardium (fibrous sac around heart), spreads from adjacent area
infective pericarditis associated bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER S. aureus, H. influenzae, N.
meningitidis, and S pneumoniae
Causative agent and primary target organ of rheumatic fever - CORRECT
ANSWER Streptococcus pyogenes, and targets the heart
How does the autoimmune component of rheumatic fever develops? - CORRECT
ANSWER patient antibodies directed against streptococcal M protein, and attacks antigenically
similar heart tissues (cross-recognition)
General characteristics of Francisella tularensis - CORRECT ANSWER gram-neg.
coccobacillus, aerobe, animal reservoirs are rabbits, rodents, and deer; generalized symptoms,
tick/deer fly vectors
General characteristics of Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, and Brucella melitensis - CORRECT
ANSWER gram-neg. coccobacillus, grows in phagocytes, revisors: cow(abortus), swine (suis),
goat/sheep (melitensis)
Bacillus anthracis characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER large gram-pos. rod/ endospore-
forming, aerobic, found in upper soil layers
Bacillus anthracis infection routes - CORRECT ANSWER transmission by inhalation or wound
Difference between B. anthracis edema and lethal toxins - CORRECT ANSWER Edema toxin
causes local swelling, and lethal toxin kills cells and macrophages
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Relationship between lymph, interstitial fluid, and blood plasma - CORRECT ANSWER lymph
is derived from interstitial fluid, which in turn originates from plasma
define septicemia - CORRECT ANSWER persistent pathogens or their toxins in blood
Define sepsis - CORRECT ANSWER systemic inflammatory response due to toxin presence
Define severe sepsis - CORRECT ANSWER sepsis + decreased blood pressure + dysfunction
of one organ (BP can be increased with fluid administration)
Define septic shock - CORRECT ANSWER sepsis + extremely low blood pressure + multiple
organ failure (BP cannot be increased with fluid administration)
Define lymphangitis - CORRECT ANSWER inflamed lymphatic vessels that occurs as a result
of infection at a site distal to inflammation (a classic sign of sepsis)
How does endotoxic shock affect cytokine levels? - CORRECT ANSWER endotoxic shock
leads to a massive release of inflammatory cytokines
Three bacteria associated with gram-positive sepsis - CORRECT ANSWER streptococcus
agalactiae (GBS), Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis
Causative agents and transmission of childbed (puerperal) fever - CORRECT
ANSWER Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (GpA), streptococcus agalactiae (GBS), and
various Staphylococci
How is childbed (puerperal) fever tranmitted? - CORRECT ANSWER transmitted to mother
during childbirth by attending physicians/midwives (iatrogenic infection)
, what is subacute endocarditis? - CORRECT ANSWER subacute is slowly developing
endocarditis (fever, weakness, and murmur) and caused by alpha-hemolytic Streptococci from oral
cavity
What is acute endocarditis? - CORRECT ANSWER Acute is rapidly developing endocarditis
(heart valve destruction), caused by Staphylococcus aureus from oral cavity
Describe the process leading to infective pericarditis - CORRECT ANSWER Inflammation of
pericardium (fibrous sac around heart), spreads from adjacent area
infective pericarditis associated bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER S. aureus, H. influenzae, N.
meningitidis, and S pneumoniae
Causative agent and primary target organ of rheumatic fever - CORRECT
ANSWER Streptococcus pyogenes, and targets the heart
How does the autoimmune component of rheumatic fever develops? - CORRECT
ANSWER patient antibodies directed against streptococcal M protein, and attacks antigenically
similar heart tissues (cross-recognition)
General characteristics of Francisella tularensis - CORRECT ANSWER gram-neg.
coccobacillus, aerobe, animal reservoirs are rabbits, rodents, and deer; generalized symptoms,
tick/deer fly vectors
General characteristics of Brucella abortus, Brucella suis, and Brucella melitensis - CORRECT
ANSWER gram-neg. coccobacillus, grows in phagocytes, revisors: cow(abortus), swine (suis),
goat/sheep (melitensis)
Bacillus anthracis characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER large gram-pos. rod/ endospore-
forming, aerobic, found in upper soil layers
Bacillus anthracis infection routes - CORRECT ANSWER transmission by inhalation or wound
Difference between B. anthracis edema and lethal toxins - CORRECT ANSWER Edema toxin
causes local swelling, and lethal toxin kills cells and macrophages
