NU110 Exam 2 Actual Exam Style V1 | NU
110 Integrated Human Sciences | Galen
1. What is the primary function of the mitochondria within a cell?
A. Synthesizing proteins
B. Packaging lipids
C. Storing genetic information
D. Producing ATP energy
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell
because they generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical
reactions. This energy is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary depending on the energy requirements of
that specific tissue.
2. Which type of tissue is responsible for covering body surfaces and lining internal organs?
A. Connective tissue
B. Nervous tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Muscle tissue
Correct Answer: C
,Expert Explanation: Epithelial tissue forms the outer layer of the skin and lines the
cavities of many internal organs. It serves as a protective barrier and is involved in
secretion, absorption, and filtration. This tissue is characterized by cells that are tightly
packed together with very little extracellular matrix.
3. The process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration is called:
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Endocytosis
D. Osmosis
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Diffusion is a passive process of transport where a substance moves
from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated. It does not require
energy from the cell to occur. This process continues until the concentration of the
substance is uniform throughout the space.
4. Which layer of the skin is the most superficial and lacks blood vessels?
A. Dermis
B. Hypodermis
C. Subcutaneous layer
, D. Epidermis
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin that provides a
waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. It is avascular, meaning it does not contain its
own blood supply and relies on the underlying dermis for nutrients. Cells in this layer are
primarily keratinocytes which help protect the body from external factors.
5. Which bone is considered part of the axial skeleton?
A. Sternum
B. Humerus
C. Femur
D. Radius
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a
vertebrate. Specifically, it includes the skull, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone,
the rib cage, and the vertebral column. The sternum, or breastbone, is a central part of the
rib cage and is thus axial.
6. What is the name of the structural unit of compact bone?
A. Sarcomere
B. Osteon
110 Integrated Human Sciences | Galen
1. What is the primary function of the mitochondria within a cell?
A. Synthesizing proteins
B. Packaging lipids
C. Storing genetic information
D. Producing ATP energy
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell
because they generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell’s biochemical
reactions. This energy is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary depending on the energy requirements of
that specific tissue.
2. Which type of tissue is responsible for covering body surfaces and lining internal organs?
A. Connective tissue
B. Nervous tissue
C. Epithelial tissue
D. Muscle tissue
Correct Answer: C
,Expert Explanation: Epithelial tissue forms the outer layer of the skin and lines the
cavities of many internal organs. It serves as a protective barrier and is involved in
secretion, absorption, and filtration. This tissue is characterized by cells that are tightly
packed together with very little extracellular matrix.
3. The process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration is called:
A. Diffusion
B. Active transport
C. Endocytosis
D. Osmosis
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Diffusion is a passive process of transport where a substance moves
from where it is more concentrated to where it is less concentrated. It does not require
energy from the cell to occur. This process continues until the concentration of the
substance is uniform throughout the space.
4. Which layer of the skin is the most superficial and lacks blood vessels?
A. Dermis
B. Hypodermis
C. Subcutaneous layer
, D. Epidermis
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin that provides a
waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. It is avascular, meaning it does not contain its
own blood supply and relies on the underlying dermis for nutrients. Cells in this layer are
primarily keratinocytes which help protect the body from external factors.
5. Which bone is considered part of the axial skeleton?
A. Sternum
B. Humerus
C. Femur
D. Radius
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a
vertebrate. Specifically, it includes the skull, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone,
the rib cage, and the vertebral column. The sternum, or breastbone, is a central part of the
rib cage and is thus axial.
6. What is the name of the structural unit of compact bone?
A. Sarcomere
B. Osteon
