NU110 Exam 1 Actual Exam Style V2 | NU
110 Integrated Human Sciences | Galen
1. Which of the following best defines the study of physiology?
A. The study of the internal and external structures of the body.
B. The classification of organisms based on evolutionary traits.
C. The study of how body parts and systems function together.
D. The microscopic study of diseased tissue samples.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Physiology focuses on the mechanisms and processes that allow the
body to function. While anatomy describes the ‘what’ and ‘where’, physiology explains the
‘how’ and ‘why’ of biological operations. Understanding physiology is essential for clinical
practice to recognize normal versus abnormal body functions.
2. Which level of organization is the most complex among the following?
A. Cellular level
B. Organ level
C. Tissue level
D. Chemical level
Correct Answer: B
,Expert Explanation: The hierarchy of biological organization starts at the chemical level
and progresses to the organismal level. In this list, organs are formed by different types of
tissues working together, making them more complex than tissues or cells. The organ level
represents a higher tier of structural and functional integration compared to the others
listed.
3. In a negative feedback loop, what is the primary role of the effector?
A. To carry out the command to restore homeostasis.
B. To process information and determine a response.
C. To detect a change in the environment.
D. To ignore the stimulus if it is within normal range.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: An effector is a muscle or gland that receives a signal from the control
center. Its primary purpose is to produce a response that counteracts the original stimulus.
This action is what eventually returns the body’s internal environment to its set point.
4. The term ‘proximal’ is used to describe a structure that is:
A. Further away from the point of attachment to the trunk.
B. Closer to the point of attachment to the trunk.
C. Toward the front of the body.
D. Away from the midline of the body.
, Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Proximal is a directional term typically used for the limbs to describe
relative distance to the point of origin. For example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist
because it is closer to the shoulder/trunk. Distal is the opposite term, used for structures
further from the attachment point.
5. Which body plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?
A. Transverse plane
B. Frontal plane
C. Midsagittal plane
D. Parasagittal plane
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: A midsagittal plane runs vertically through the midline of the body. It
specifically results in symmetrical right and left portions. Other sagittal planes that are not
on the midline are referred to as parasagittal.
6. Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
A. Regulation of body temperature
B. Blood glucose regulation
C. Blood pressure regulation
D. Blood clotting
110 Integrated Human Sciences | Galen
1. Which of the following best defines the study of physiology?
A. The study of the internal and external structures of the body.
B. The classification of organisms based on evolutionary traits.
C. The study of how body parts and systems function together.
D. The microscopic study of diseased tissue samples.
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Physiology focuses on the mechanisms and processes that allow the
body to function. While anatomy describes the ‘what’ and ‘where’, physiology explains the
‘how’ and ‘why’ of biological operations. Understanding physiology is essential for clinical
practice to recognize normal versus abnormal body functions.
2. Which level of organization is the most complex among the following?
A. Cellular level
B. Organ level
C. Tissue level
D. Chemical level
Correct Answer: B
,Expert Explanation: The hierarchy of biological organization starts at the chemical level
and progresses to the organismal level. In this list, organs are formed by different types of
tissues working together, making them more complex than tissues or cells. The organ level
represents a higher tier of structural and functional integration compared to the others
listed.
3. In a negative feedback loop, what is the primary role of the effector?
A. To carry out the command to restore homeostasis.
B. To process information and determine a response.
C. To detect a change in the environment.
D. To ignore the stimulus if it is within normal range.
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: An effector is a muscle or gland that receives a signal from the control
center. Its primary purpose is to produce a response that counteracts the original stimulus.
This action is what eventually returns the body’s internal environment to its set point.
4. The term ‘proximal’ is used to describe a structure that is:
A. Further away from the point of attachment to the trunk.
B. Closer to the point of attachment to the trunk.
C. Toward the front of the body.
D. Away from the midline of the body.
, Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Proximal is a directional term typically used for the limbs to describe
relative distance to the point of origin. For example, the elbow is proximal to the wrist
because it is closer to the shoulder/trunk. Distal is the opposite term, used for structures
further from the attachment point.
5. Which body plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?
A. Transverse plane
B. Frontal plane
C. Midsagittal plane
D. Parasagittal plane
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: A midsagittal plane runs vertically through the midline of the body. It
specifically results in symmetrical right and left portions. Other sagittal planes that are not
on the midline are referred to as parasagittal.
6. Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
A. Regulation of body temperature
B. Blood glucose regulation
C. Blood pressure regulation
D. Blood clotting
