BIOD 121 (portage) Module 4: Vitamins and Minerals exam
questions and correct answers
Fortification - ANS✅✅process of supplementing a product with additional
vitamins that would not normally be in that product (i.e. putting vitamin D in
orange juice or adding vitamins to cereal)
Vitamins can be classified as: - ANS✅✅fat soluble or water soluble
Fat-soluble vitamins: - ANS✅✅dependent on dietary fat for absorption. Once
absorbed they are stored in adipose tissue and liver.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are: - ANS✅✅fat soluble
Since fat-soluble vitamins are not easily excreted from the body, excess
consumption over time could lead to: - ANS✅✅toxic levels in the body
Vitamins - ANS✅✅organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts,
almost exclusively obtained through the diet.
Function of vitamines? - ANS✅✅help regulate and support a variety of
processes related to digestion, absorption, metabolism, and body regulations.
Yield no energy: - ANS✅✅vitamines
,Vitamins are important for: - ANS✅✅growth and maintenance of our bodies
How many essential vitamins are there? - ANS✅✅13 known
Essential Vitamins: - ANS✅✅found in both plant and animal sources, and the
majority cannot be synthesized by the human body.
Exceptions to vitamins that do not have to be consumed by in the diet: -
ANS✅✅Vitamin K and biotin (produced from gut flora in the GI tract), and
vitamin D which is synthesized in the skin through sunlight
Two vitamins can be produced through precursors: - ANS✅✅Vitamin A can be
produced after we consume food containing beta carotene, and niacin can be
produced when we consume foods containing the amino acid tryptophan.
Organic compounds must meet 2 criteria in order to be considered a vitamin: -
ANS✅✅1) enough of the compound must be consumed in the diet to maintain
health
2) symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in
declining health, but is restored when the deficiency is corrected.
Why do we fortify and enrich our foods? - ANS✅✅During manufacturing of
food, some nutrients are lost.
Enrichment: - ANS✅✅the process of taking nutrients that were lost in the
milling or processing of the food and adding them back to the final product
, Two forms of Vitamin A: - ANS✅✅Preformed (Retinol, Retinal) and
Provitamin (carotenoids)
Functions of Preformed vitamin A - ANS✅✅vision, immunity, growth
development, disease prevention
Functions of Provitamin A - ANS✅✅precursors, antioxidants
Deficiencies of Preformed Vitamin A - ANS✅✅night blindness, Xeropthalmia
Xeropthalmia: - ANS✅✅occurs when mucus isn't developing and blindness
sets in
Deficiencies of Provitamin A - ANS✅✅Macular Degeneration
Sources of Preformed Vitamin A - ANS✅✅Animal sources
Sources of Provitamin A - ANS✅✅Plant sources: yellow, orange, red, green
leafy vegetables
Which for of vitamin A can become toxic in high levels? - ANS✅✅preformed
vitamin A
Retinal: - ANS✅✅helps the eyes adjust from bright to dim light
questions and correct answers
Fortification - ANS✅✅process of supplementing a product with additional
vitamins that would not normally be in that product (i.e. putting vitamin D in
orange juice or adding vitamins to cereal)
Vitamins can be classified as: - ANS✅✅fat soluble or water soluble
Fat-soluble vitamins: - ANS✅✅dependent on dietary fat for absorption. Once
absorbed they are stored in adipose tissue and liver.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are: - ANS✅✅fat soluble
Since fat-soluble vitamins are not easily excreted from the body, excess
consumption over time could lead to: - ANS✅✅toxic levels in the body
Vitamins - ANS✅✅organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts,
almost exclusively obtained through the diet.
Function of vitamines? - ANS✅✅help regulate and support a variety of
processes related to digestion, absorption, metabolism, and body regulations.
Yield no energy: - ANS✅✅vitamines
,Vitamins are important for: - ANS✅✅growth and maintenance of our bodies
How many essential vitamins are there? - ANS✅✅13 known
Essential Vitamins: - ANS✅✅found in both plant and animal sources, and the
majority cannot be synthesized by the human body.
Exceptions to vitamins that do not have to be consumed by in the diet: -
ANS✅✅Vitamin K and biotin (produced from gut flora in the GI tract), and
vitamin D which is synthesized in the skin through sunlight
Two vitamins can be produced through precursors: - ANS✅✅Vitamin A can be
produced after we consume food containing beta carotene, and niacin can be
produced when we consume foods containing the amino acid tryptophan.
Organic compounds must meet 2 criteria in order to be considered a vitamin: -
ANS✅✅1) enough of the compound must be consumed in the diet to maintain
health
2) symptoms of deficiency occur in the absence of the compound, resulting in
declining health, but is restored when the deficiency is corrected.
Why do we fortify and enrich our foods? - ANS✅✅During manufacturing of
food, some nutrients are lost.
Enrichment: - ANS✅✅the process of taking nutrients that were lost in the
milling or processing of the food and adding them back to the final product
, Two forms of Vitamin A: - ANS✅✅Preformed (Retinol, Retinal) and
Provitamin (carotenoids)
Functions of Preformed vitamin A - ANS✅✅vision, immunity, growth
development, disease prevention
Functions of Provitamin A - ANS✅✅precursors, antioxidants
Deficiencies of Preformed Vitamin A - ANS✅✅night blindness, Xeropthalmia
Xeropthalmia: - ANS✅✅occurs when mucus isn't developing and blindness
sets in
Deficiencies of Provitamin A - ANS✅✅Macular Degeneration
Sources of Preformed Vitamin A - ANS✅✅Animal sources
Sources of Provitamin A - ANS✅✅Plant sources: yellow, orange, red, green
leafy vegetables
Which for of vitamin A can become toxic in high levels? - ANS✅✅preformed
vitamin A
Retinal: - ANS✅✅helps the eyes adjust from bright to dim light
