BIO 142 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Pituitary Gland - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Master Gland made of epithelial tissue
Location: Inferior to the Hypothalamus within the sphenoid bone
-Anterior (endocrine) and Posterior (nervous)
-produces hormones that stimulate other glands such as the thyroid, parathyroid, pineal and adrenal
-gland is both exocrine (ducts) and endocrine (ductless)
-releases both insulin and glucagon which regulate nutrient blood levels
Hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Located: Superior to Pituitary gland
-Directly controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland and indirectly controls the release of
hormones from other endocrine glands
Located: Superior to Pituitary gland
-regulatory hormones include releasing and inhibiting hormones
-ADH and Oxytocin made here
Anterior Pituitary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Made of epithelial tissue
-Receive releasing and inhibiting hormones from the Hypothalamus
-Hormones released
-Growth Hormone (GH)
-Prolactin (PRL)
-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
-Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
-Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Posterior Pituitary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Made of nervous tissue
Consist primarily of unmyelinated axons extending from the hypothalamus
-Recieve nerve signals
-Hormones are synthesized by the Hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary
, -release hormones into the blood stream
-Hormones released:
-Oxytocin (OT)
-Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
-Somatotropin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Makes things bigger
-causes growth of all body tissue
-stimulates lipolysis (fat utilization for energy)
-inhibits actions of insulin on carbohydrates
-high concentrations can cause Gynecomastia (breast development)
-stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-somatomedins) from the liver; both GH and
IGFs stimulate target cells (especially muscle) to increase protein syntheses, cell division, and cell
differentiation; liver to increase both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis; and adipose connective tissue
to increase lypolsis
Glycogenolysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅When blood glucose leaves drop the liver hydrolyzes some of
the glycogen into glucose and releases it in the blood
Gluconeogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The process where the liver forms glucose from
noncarbohydrate sources (e.g. Fats, proteins)
Glycogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The process of binding glucose monomers together to form a
polysaccharide called glycogen
Glucogen - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Causes target cells in the liver to break down glycogen into glucose
and release it into the bloodstream
Prolactin (PRL) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-causes production of milk
-stimulates production of mammory glands as well as stimulates milk production
-primary function is only in pregnant females and females who breastfeed
Pituitary Gland - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Master Gland made of epithelial tissue
Location: Inferior to the Hypothalamus within the sphenoid bone
-Anterior (endocrine) and Posterior (nervous)
-produces hormones that stimulate other glands such as the thyroid, parathyroid, pineal and adrenal
-gland is both exocrine (ducts) and endocrine (ductless)
-releases both insulin and glucagon which regulate nutrient blood levels
Hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Located: Superior to Pituitary gland
-Directly controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland and indirectly controls the release of
hormones from other endocrine glands
Located: Superior to Pituitary gland
-regulatory hormones include releasing and inhibiting hormones
-ADH and Oxytocin made here
Anterior Pituitary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Made of epithelial tissue
-Receive releasing and inhibiting hormones from the Hypothalamus
-Hormones released
-Growth Hormone (GH)
-Prolactin (PRL)
-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
-Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
-Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Posterior Pituitary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Made of nervous tissue
Consist primarily of unmyelinated axons extending from the hypothalamus
-Recieve nerve signals
-Hormones are synthesized by the Hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary
, -release hormones into the blood stream
-Hormones released:
-Oxytocin (OT)
-Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
-Somatotropin - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Makes things bigger
-causes growth of all body tissue
-stimulates lipolysis (fat utilization for energy)
-inhibits actions of insulin on carbohydrates
-high concentrations can cause Gynecomastia (breast development)
-stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-somatomedins) from the liver; both GH and
IGFs stimulate target cells (especially muscle) to increase protein syntheses, cell division, and cell
differentiation; liver to increase both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis; and adipose connective tissue
to increase lypolsis
Glycogenolysis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅When blood glucose leaves drop the liver hydrolyzes some of
the glycogen into glucose and releases it in the blood
Gluconeogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The process where the liver forms glucose from
noncarbohydrate sources (e.g. Fats, proteins)
Glycogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The process of binding glucose monomers together to form a
polysaccharide called glycogen
Glucogen - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Causes target cells in the liver to break down glycogen into glucose
and release it into the bloodstream
Prolactin (PRL) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-causes production of milk
-stimulates production of mammory glands as well as stimulates milk production
-primary function is only in pregnant females and females who breastfeed
