Bio 1090 Final Exam Review UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What does it take to make a cell? - CORRECT ANSWER Information, chemistry,
compartments
What do red blood cells lack? - CORRECT ANSWER Nuclei, DNA, and the ability to
synthesize RNA
Can red blood cells divide? - CORRECT ANSWER No
What did red blood cells evolve to do? - CORRECT ANSWER Maximize hemoglobin carrying
capacity
The Miller-Urey Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER A chemical experiment that simulated the
conditions thought to exist on the early Earth and to test the chemical origin of life under those
conditions
Oparin/Haldane Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER Conditions on the primitive Earth favoured
chemical reactions that synthesized more complex organic compounds from simpler inorganic
precursors
Compartments - CORRECT ANSWER Usually defined by a lipid membrane layer
What are 3 example of compartments? - CORRECT ANSWER Cell nucleus, mitochondria,
chloroplasts
Fundamental Roles of Compartments - CORRECT ANSWER - Establish physical boundaries
that enable the cell to carry out different metabolic activities
- Generate a micro-environment to spatially and temporally regulate biological processes
- Selective permeability
- Homeostasis
,The Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - The cell is the structural unit of life
- All organisms are composed of 1 or more cell types
- Cells can arise only by the division of a pre-existing cell
9 Basic Properties of Cells - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Highly complex and organized
2. Activity controlled by a genetic program
3. Can reproduce - make copies of themselves
4. Assimilate and utilize energy
5. Carry out many chemical reactions - enzymes
6. Engage in mechanical activities
7. Respond to stimuli
8. Capable of self-regulation
9. They evolve
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER Were the only form of life on Earth for millions of years
until more complex eukaryotic cells came into being through the process of evolution
2 examples of prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER Archaea and bacteria
Animal and Plant Cells Both Have: - CORRECT ANSWER - Plasma membrane
- Mitochondria
- Nuclear Envelope
- Nucleolus
- Chromatin
- Smooth ER and Rough ER
- Golgi Complex
- Secretory vesicles
- Peroxisomes
- Cytoskeleton
Only Animal Cells Have: - CORRECT ANSWER - Lysosomes
, - Microvilli
Only Plant Cells Have: - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell walls
- Vacuoles
- Chloroplasts
- Plasmodesmata
Are Viruses Cells? - CORRECT ANSWER No
Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER - Macromolecular packages that can function and reproduce
only within living cells
- Very small and diverse
- Can infect animals, plants, and bacteria
What is a virus called outside of a cell? - CORRECT ANSWER Virion (inanimate particle)
What does reverse transcriptase do? - CORRECT ANSWER Assembles new virus particles
Virion - CORRECT ANSWER Made of small amount of DNA or RNA and a capsid
What is a capsid? - CORRECT ANSWER A protein capsule
TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus) - CORRECT ANSWER One of the first viruses to be
characterized
Virus Host Range - CORRECT ANSWER - Viruses bind to cell surfaces via specific proteins
and then enter into cell
- Once inside a cell, virus hijacks cellular machinery to synthesize nucleic acids and proteins
Narrow Host Range (virus) example - CORRECT ANSWER Human cold and influenza viruses
infect epithelial cells of human respiratory system
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
What does it take to make a cell? - CORRECT ANSWER Information, chemistry,
compartments
What do red blood cells lack? - CORRECT ANSWER Nuclei, DNA, and the ability to
synthesize RNA
Can red blood cells divide? - CORRECT ANSWER No
What did red blood cells evolve to do? - CORRECT ANSWER Maximize hemoglobin carrying
capacity
The Miller-Urey Experiment - CORRECT ANSWER A chemical experiment that simulated the
conditions thought to exist on the early Earth and to test the chemical origin of life under those
conditions
Oparin/Haldane Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER Conditions on the primitive Earth favoured
chemical reactions that synthesized more complex organic compounds from simpler inorganic
precursors
Compartments - CORRECT ANSWER Usually defined by a lipid membrane layer
What are 3 example of compartments? - CORRECT ANSWER Cell nucleus, mitochondria,
chloroplasts
Fundamental Roles of Compartments - CORRECT ANSWER - Establish physical boundaries
that enable the cell to carry out different metabolic activities
- Generate a micro-environment to spatially and temporally regulate biological processes
- Selective permeability
- Homeostasis
,The Cell Theory - CORRECT ANSWER - The cell is the structural unit of life
- All organisms are composed of 1 or more cell types
- Cells can arise only by the division of a pre-existing cell
9 Basic Properties of Cells - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Highly complex and organized
2. Activity controlled by a genetic program
3. Can reproduce - make copies of themselves
4. Assimilate and utilize energy
5. Carry out many chemical reactions - enzymes
6. Engage in mechanical activities
7. Respond to stimuli
8. Capable of self-regulation
9. They evolve
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER Were the only form of life on Earth for millions of years
until more complex eukaryotic cells came into being through the process of evolution
2 examples of prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER Archaea and bacteria
Animal and Plant Cells Both Have: - CORRECT ANSWER - Plasma membrane
- Mitochondria
- Nuclear Envelope
- Nucleolus
- Chromatin
- Smooth ER and Rough ER
- Golgi Complex
- Secretory vesicles
- Peroxisomes
- Cytoskeleton
Only Animal Cells Have: - CORRECT ANSWER - Lysosomes
, - Microvilli
Only Plant Cells Have: - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell walls
- Vacuoles
- Chloroplasts
- Plasmodesmata
Are Viruses Cells? - CORRECT ANSWER No
Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER - Macromolecular packages that can function and reproduce
only within living cells
- Very small and diverse
- Can infect animals, plants, and bacteria
What is a virus called outside of a cell? - CORRECT ANSWER Virion (inanimate particle)
What does reverse transcriptase do? - CORRECT ANSWER Assembles new virus particles
Virion - CORRECT ANSWER Made of small amount of DNA or RNA and a capsid
What is a capsid? - CORRECT ANSWER A protein capsule
TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus) - CORRECT ANSWER One of the first viruses to be
characterized
Virus Host Range - CORRECT ANSWER - Viruses bind to cell surfaces via specific proteins
and then enter into cell
- Once inside a cell, virus hijacks cellular machinery to synthesize nucleic acids and proteins
Narrow Host Range (virus) example - CORRECT ANSWER Human cold and influenza viruses
infect epithelial cells of human respiratory system
