UConn Biology 1108 Final Exam UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Haploid gametes are made by - CORRECT ANSWER meiosis in animals
Asexual Reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER Binary fission (bacteria and archaea)
Budding (yeast, etc.)
Fragmentation (some molds, algae, worms, sea stars and corals)
Parthenogenesis (lots of invertebrates and a few special vertebrates)
Advantage of being asexual? - CORRECT ANSWER No competition for mates
No spending any energy to find / attract a mate.
Two-fold cost of sexual reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER Asexual: everyone produces
offspring
Exponential pop'n growth
Sexual: only half the population produces offspring
Slower pop'n growth
advantages of sexual reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER 1. It allows organisms to adapt faster
than asexual ones because rare beneficial mutations that arise in different organisms can be brought
together, increasing the overall fitness of the population.
2. It allows a population to purge itself of harmful mutations more quickly than could a population of
asexual individuals.
,3. It may be a mechanism of parasite defense—the Red Queenhypothesis.
Amniotic Egg - CORRECT ANSWER
Early development occurs in distinctive stages: - CORRECT ANSWER - Cleavage: early cell
divisions of the zygote
- Blastula: a hollow ball following cleavage
- Gastrula: a multiple-layered embryonic stage of development
Later development also occurs in distinctive stages - CORRECT ANSWER - larva (in some) a
free-living stage different in form from
differ among organisms in the amount of
yolk and its location
the adult
- Juvenile
- Adult
___________ involves combining genetic information from two individuals to make a new
genetically unique individual. - CORRECT ANSWER Sexual reproduction
Budding - CORRECT ANSWER involves an unequal division between a mother and daughter
cell or organism
is found in fungi, plants, and animals
is a form of asexual reproduction
In parthenogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER unfertilized eggs develop into adults
Animal gametes or spores are produced during the cellular process referred to as - CORRECT
ANSWER meiosis
,Cellular level coordination in cell form, cell interactions, and cell position occurs in the development
of - CORRECT ANSWER All animals
Each of the major hypotheses proposed to explain why sexual reproduction is more widespread than
asexual reproduction ultimately bases its explanation on the adaptive benefit of: - CORRECT
ANSWER forming genetically distinct offspring.
Examine Figure 44.1 in your text or on slides in the pdf. According to this phylogeny, which of the
following correctly lists the sequence in which multicellularity, tissues, and bilateral symmetry arose,
from the oldest character to the most recent character? - CORRECT ANSWER multicellularity,
tissues, bilateral symmetry
Which of the following is a characteristic exclusively found in animals? - CORRECT
ANSWER gastrula
Unlike cnidarians, the comb jellies have an anterior-posterior axis (an 'up' and 'down' orientation).
This orientation allows for __________________ in comb jellies. - CORRECT ANSWER more
efficient nutrient digestion
Sponges move huge volumes of water through their bodies every day. Although this serves the
function of filter feeding for the organism, how might this also provide an "ecosystem service"
(something that affects and/or benefits other organisms in their environment)? - CORRECT
ANSWER They create small currents in their micro-environment that help to circulate and
clean water locally.
The Cambrian Explosion of biodiversity occurred in what era? - CORRECT
ANSWER Paleozoic
In which taxonomic group do sponges belong? - CORRECT ANSWER Porifera
_____, which include lobsters and crabs, have _____ legs and, in the ocean, fill many of the
ecological roles filled by insects on land. - CORRECT ANSWER Crustaceans; branched
What is the predominant hypothesis why animals only appeared in the fossil record about 3 billion
years after life originated? - CORRECT ANSWER Animals have higher metabolisms, and
, animal diversification and evolution didn't really happen until there was sufficient oxygen in the
atmosphere.
Comparative embryology helped clarify the relationships among major groups of animals. The
bilaterians, for example, can be divided into the _____ based on the developmental fate of the
blastopore. - CORRECT ANSWER protostomes and deuterostomes
The myriapods include the _____, which are fast-moving predators with front legs modified into
venomous fang-like organs, and _____, which are slow-moving herbivores. - CORRECT
ANSWER centipedes; millipedes
Biologists have described about _____ species of eukaryotic organisms, of which about _____ are
animals. The majority of these are _____. - CORRECT ANSWER 1.8 million; 1.3 million;
insects
Cnidarians are able to capture prey with the aid of _____, harpoon-like organelles that are often tipped
with neurotoxins. - CORRECT ANSWER nematocysts
Chelicerates are arthropods. - CORRECT ANSWER True
Cnidarians and chordates are protostomes. - CORRECT ANSWER False
Bilaterians develop specialized organs because they have: - CORRECT ANSWER three germ
layers.
The amniotes include - CORRECT ANSWER reptiles, birds, and mammals
The ____ and ____ are unique among vertebrates in that they lack jaws. - CORRECT
ANSWER hagfish;lampreys
Echinoderms are deuterostomes. - CORRECT ANSWER True
Humans are lophotrochozoans. - CORRECT ANSWER False
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Haploid gametes are made by - CORRECT ANSWER meiosis in animals
Asexual Reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER Binary fission (bacteria and archaea)
Budding (yeast, etc.)
Fragmentation (some molds, algae, worms, sea stars and corals)
Parthenogenesis (lots of invertebrates and a few special vertebrates)
Advantage of being asexual? - CORRECT ANSWER No competition for mates
No spending any energy to find / attract a mate.
Two-fold cost of sexual reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER Asexual: everyone produces
offspring
Exponential pop'n growth
Sexual: only half the population produces offspring
Slower pop'n growth
advantages of sexual reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER 1. It allows organisms to adapt faster
than asexual ones because rare beneficial mutations that arise in different organisms can be brought
together, increasing the overall fitness of the population.
2. It allows a population to purge itself of harmful mutations more quickly than could a population of
asexual individuals.
,3. It may be a mechanism of parasite defense—the Red Queenhypothesis.
Amniotic Egg - CORRECT ANSWER
Early development occurs in distinctive stages: - CORRECT ANSWER - Cleavage: early cell
divisions of the zygote
- Blastula: a hollow ball following cleavage
- Gastrula: a multiple-layered embryonic stage of development
Later development also occurs in distinctive stages - CORRECT ANSWER - larva (in some) a
free-living stage different in form from
differ among organisms in the amount of
yolk and its location
the adult
- Juvenile
- Adult
___________ involves combining genetic information from two individuals to make a new
genetically unique individual. - CORRECT ANSWER Sexual reproduction
Budding - CORRECT ANSWER involves an unequal division between a mother and daughter
cell or organism
is found in fungi, plants, and animals
is a form of asexual reproduction
In parthenogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER unfertilized eggs develop into adults
Animal gametes or spores are produced during the cellular process referred to as - CORRECT
ANSWER meiosis
,Cellular level coordination in cell form, cell interactions, and cell position occurs in the development
of - CORRECT ANSWER All animals
Each of the major hypotheses proposed to explain why sexual reproduction is more widespread than
asexual reproduction ultimately bases its explanation on the adaptive benefit of: - CORRECT
ANSWER forming genetically distinct offspring.
Examine Figure 44.1 in your text or on slides in the pdf. According to this phylogeny, which of the
following correctly lists the sequence in which multicellularity, tissues, and bilateral symmetry arose,
from the oldest character to the most recent character? - CORRECT ANSWER multicellularity,
tissues, bilateral symmetry
Which of the following is a characteristic exclusively found in animals? - CORRECT
ANSWER gastrula
Unlike cnidarians, the comb jellies have an anterior-posterior axis (an 'up' and 'down' orientation).
This orientation allows for __________________ in comb jellies. - CORRECT ANSWER more
efficient nutrient digestion
Sponges move huge volumes of water through their bodies every day. Although this serves the
function of filter feeding for the organism, how might this also provide an "ecosystem service"
(something that affects and/or benefits other organisms in their environment)? - CORRECT
ANSWER They create small currents in their micro-environment that help to circulate and
clean water locally.
The Cambrian Explosion of biodiversity occurred in what era? - CORRECT
ANSWER Paleozoic
In which taxonomic group do sponges belong? - CORRECT ANSWER Porifera
_____, which include lobsters and crabs, have _____ legs and, in the ocean, fill many of the
ecological roles filled by insects on land. - CORRECT ANSWER Crustaceans; branched
What is the predominant hypothesis why animals only appeared in the fossil record about 3 billion
years after life originated? - CORRECT ANSWER Animals have higher metabolisms, and
, animal diversification and evolution didn't really happen until there was sufficient oxygen in the
atmosphere.
Comparative embryology helped clarify the relationships among major groups of animals. The
bilaterians, for example, can be divided into the _____ based on the developmental fate of the
blastopore. - CORRECT ANSWER protostomes and deuterostomes
The myriapods include the _____, which are fast-moving predators with front legs modified into
venomous fang-like organs, and _____, which are slow-moving herbivores. - CORRECT
ANSWER centipedes; millipedes
Biologists have described about _____ species of eukaryotic organisms, of which about _____ are
animals. The majority of these are _____. - CORRECT ANSWER 1.8 million; 1.3 million;
insects
Cnidarians are able to capture prey with the aid of _____, harpoon-like organelles that are often tipped
with neurotoxins. - CORRECT ANSWER nematocysts
Chelicerates are arthropods. - CORRECT ANSWER True
Cnidarians and chordates are protostomes. - CORRECT ANSWER False
Bilaterians develop specialized organs because they have: - CORRECT ANSWER three germ
layers.
The amniotes include - CORRECT ANSWER reptiles, birds, and mammals
The ____ and ____ are unique among vertebrates in that they lack jaws. - CORRECT
ANSWER hagfish;lampreys
Echinoderms are deuterostomes. - CORRECT ANSWER True
Humans are lophotrochozoans. - CORRECT ANSWER False
