Sports Psychology Exam 1 with all Correct & 100%
Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
[W&G 3] Recognize or define different personality approaches ✔Correct Answer-
Psychodynamic approach- unconscious determinants of behavior, and understand the person as
a whole,
Trait approach- the causes of behavior generally reside in the person and that the role of
situational or environmental factors is minimal [e.g. Big 5]
Situational approach- that behavior is determined largely by the situation or environment
Interactional approach- situation and person as codeterminants of behavior
Phenomenological- an individual's subjective experiences and personal views of the world and
of herself are seen as critical
Integrative/Biopshychosocial approach- consider the dynamic interaction of biological factors,
dispositional traits, adaptions one makes to situations, and self-defined life stories or narratives
that are all situated in one's social context or culture.
PTSIPI
[Myers 1] Intuition/common sense ✔Correct Answer-cannot always help us know things.
examples: hindsight bias, overconfidence, perceiving patterns in random events
[Myers 1] Hindsight bias ✔Correct Answer-(I-knew-it-all-along): belief that we would have
predicted the outcome all along
[Myers 1] Overconfidence ✔Correct Answer-we think we know more than we do.
[Myers 1] People perceive order even in random events ✔Correct Answer-(so we think we
have found causal relationships even when they do not exist) (can be illusory correlation, bad
inference due to regression to the mean, or many other issues).
[Myers 1] Scientific attitude ✔Correct Answer-curiosity, skepticism, humility
CSH
[Myers 1] Scientific Method ✔Correct Answer-theory, hypotheses, operational definitions,
replication
[Myers 1] Theory ✔Correct Answer-Explanation using an integrated set of principles that
organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
(A good theory effectively organizes information, leads to clear predictions, often stimulates
research, and may be replicated)
[Myers 1] Hypothesis ✔Correct Answer-Testable prediction, often implied by a theory
, [Myers 1] Descriptive research ✔Correct Answer-a systematic, objective observation of
phenomena, Case Study, Naturalistic observation, Surveys/interviews
[Myers 1] Correlational research ✔Correct Answer-measure how closely two factors vary
together,
Positive correlation, negative correlation - how do the factors relate in these conditions?
correlation coefficients range from -1.0 to 1.0 0= no correlation. greater absolute value (closer
to 1 or -1 = greater relationship)
-1 = when factor A increases, factor B decreases (inverse relationship)
highly correlated, but it is highly negative correlation
+1=when factor A increases, factor B increases (direct relationship)
highly correlated, highly positive correlated
[Myers 1] Illusory correlation ✔Correct Answer-perception that 2 factors are related when
they really are not.
[Myers 1] Regression to the mean ✔Correct Answer-retesting after an extreme score usually
results in scores closer to average. (e.g. low scores get higher, so your "intervention" might not
have caused the increase).
[Myers 1] correlation vs causation ✔Correct Answer-Correlation does not prove causation (if
A and B are highly correlated it does necessarily not mean A causes B.) possible causal
relationships with correlation: A causes B, B causes A, C causes A and B
[Myers 1] relationships measurable by correlation ✔Correct Answer-Correlation does not
measure ALL relationships, only linear relationships.
[Myers 1] Experiments ✔Correct Answer-determine causation by manipulating a variable and
noting whether another variable changes.
[Myers 1] Control ✔Correct Answer-holding all variables constant except those one intends to
manipulate
[Myers 1] Experimental group ✔Correct Answer-get the changed level of some independent
variable
[Myers 1] Control group: ✔Correct Answer-does not get the changed level.
[Myers 1] Placebo effect ✔Correct Answer-effect caused by expectations alone, independent
of the variables manipulated Independent variable: manipulated by experimenter
[Myers 1] Control variable ✔Correct Answer-something held constant by the experimenter to
keep it from having an effect
Verified Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
[W&G 3] Recognize or define different personality approaches ✔Correct Answer-
Psychodynamic approach- unconscious determinants of behavior, and understand the person as
a whole,
Trait approach- the causes of behavior generally reside in the person and that the role of
situational or environmental factors is minimal [e.g. Big 5]
Situational approach- that behavior is determined largely by the situation or environment
Interactional approach- situation and person as codeterminants of behavior
Phenomenological- an individual's subjective experiences and personal views of the world and
of herself are seen as critical
Integrative/Biopshychosocial approach- consider the dynamic interaction of biological factors,
dispositional traits, adaptions one makes to situations, and self-defined life stories or narratives
that are all situated in one's social context or culture.
PTSIPI
[Myers 1] Intuition/common sense ✔Correct Answer-cannot always help us know things.
examples: hindsight bias, overconfidence, perceiving patterns in random events
[Myers 1] Hindsight bias ✔Correct Answer-(I-knew-it-all-along): belief that we would have
predicted the outcome all along
[Myers 1] Overconfidence ✔Correct Answer-we think we know more than we do.
[Myers 1] People perceive order even in random events ✔Correct Answer-(so we think we
have found causal relationships even when they do not exist) (can be illusory correlation, bad
inference due to regression to the mean, or many other issues).
[Myers 1] Scientific attitude ✔Correct Answer-curiosity, skepticism, humility
CSH
[Myers 1] Scientific Method ✔Correct Answer-theory, hypotheses, operational definitions,
replication
[Myers 1] Theory ✔Correct Answer-Explanation using an integrated set of principles that
organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
(A good theory effectively organizes information, leads to clear predictions, often stimulates
research, and may be replicated)
[Myers 1] Hypothesis ✔Correct Answer-Testable prediction, often implied by a theory
, [Myers 1] Descriptive research ✔Correct Answer-a systematic, objective observation of
phenomena, Case Study, Naturalistic observation, Surveys/interviews
[Myers 1] Correlational research ✔Correct Answer-measure how closely two factors vary
together,
Positive correlation, negative correlation - how do the factors relate in these conditions?
correlation coefficients range from -1.0 to 1.0 0= no correlation. greater absolute value (closer
to 1 or -1 = greater relationship)
-1 = when factor A increases, factor B decreases (inverse relationship)
highly correlated, but it is highly negative correlation
+1=when factor A increases, factor B increases (direct relationship)
highly correlated, highly positive correlated
[Myers 1] Illusory correlation ✔Correct Answer-perception that 2 factors are related when
they really are not.
[Myers 1] Regression to the mean ✔Correct Answer-retesting after an extreme score usually
results in scores closer to average. (e.g. low scores get higher, so your "intervention" might not
have caused the increase).
[Myers 1] correlation vs causation ✔Correct Answer-Correlation does not prove causation (if
A and B are highly correlated it does necessarily not mean A causes B.) possible causal
relationships with correlation: A causes B, B causes A, C causes A and B
[Myers 1] relationships measurable by correlation ✔Correct Answer-Correlation does not
measure ALL relationships, only linear relationships.
[Myers 1] Experiments ✔Correct Answer-determine causation by manipulating a variable and
noting whether another variable changes.
[Myers 1] Control ✔Correct Answer-holding all variables constant except those one intends to
manipulate
[Myers 1] Experimental group ✔Correct Answer-get the changed level of some independent
variable
[Myers 1] Control group: ✔Correct Answer-does not get the changed level.
[Myers 1] Placebo effect ✔Correct Answer-effect caused by expectations alone, independent
of the variables manipulated Independent variable: manipulated by experimenter
[Myers 1] Control variable ✔Correct Answer-something held constant by the experimenter to
keep it from having an effect
