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HCR 240 Final Actual Exam Questions And
Answers Practice Questions with Solutions
Newest, Exams of Nursing
Reconstruction phase of wound healing - answer..,The phase where the scar forms and the
wound begins to heal 3-4 days after injury.
Epithelialization - answer..,The process where cells from healthy tissue grow into the wound site.
Remodeling and Maturation - answer..,Occurs several weeks after the initial injury and may
continue for 2 years, involving tissue regeneration or scar remodeling.
Active Immunity - answer..,Antibodies/T cells produced after natural exposure to an antigen or
after immunization, long-lived.
Passive Immunity - answer..,Pre-formed antibodies/T cells transferred from donor to recipient,
temporary.
IgG - answer..,The most prevalent immunoglobulin with protective activity against infection,
crosses the placenta.
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IgA - answer..,Immunoglobulin found in secretions, providing protective activity in body
secretions.
IgE - answer..,Immunoglobulin involved in allergic responses and defending against parasitic
infections.
IgD - answer..,Immunoglobulin that functions as one type of B-cell antigen receptor, not well
understood.
IgM - answer..,The largest immunoglobulin, first antibody produced during the initial response
to an antigen.
Types of hypersensitivities - answer..,Type I: IgE mediated; Type II: tissue specific reactions;
Type III: immune complex mediated; Type IV: cell mediated.
Systemic lupus erythematosus - answer..,Clinical manifestations include butterfly facial rash,
discoid rash, photosensitivity, oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers, nonerosive arthritis, serositis, renal
disorders, seizures/psychosis, decreased platelet counts, and presence of antinuclear antibodies.
Primary immune deficiencies - answer..,Inherited gene defects that impair the immune system's
ability to function properly, leading to a higher risk of infection.
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Secondary immune deficiencies - answer..,Acquired later in life due to other health conditions,
medications, or environmental factors.
Stages of infection - answer..,Incubation: initial exposure to first symptoms; Prodromal: mild
initial symptoms; Invasion: affects other body tissues; Convalescence: recovery or latency
period.
Factors influencing disease capacity - answer..,Bacteria can produce toxins and extracellular
enzymes to destroy phagocytic cells and are resistant.
Fungal Infection - answer..,Large with thick, rigid cell walls; Mold yeast or dimorphic; Caused
by fungi (MYCOSIS); Transmitted by inhalation or wound; Suppress the immune system (found
usually in immunocompromised humans).
Parasitic & Protozoan Infections - answer..,Unicellular eukaryotes that are classified as parasites
that live off the host, causing harm to the host. Includes Protozoa and Helminths. Rarely
transmitted from human to human, ONLY THROUGH VECTORS.
Extracellular Infections - answer..,GI Tract, Vagina, Skin.
Intracellular Infections - answer..,Ingestion of contaminated water/food; Bites from insect
vectors.
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Viruses - answer..,Most common cause of illness in humans; Microorganisms that require host
cells in order to survive by infiltrating host cells and injecting their DNA into them; Completely
intracellular.
Viral Infection Mechanism - answer..,Attaches to the host cell via protein receptor; Penetrates
host cell; Releases genetic material into the host cytoplasm (RNA & DNA).
Antimicrobials - answer..,Prevent growth or directly kill pathogens.
Antivirals - answer..,Sometimes less successful because viruses use host enzymes.
MRSA - answer..,Overuse of antibiotics leading to antibiotic resistance.
Active Immunization - answer..,Vaccines.
Viral Vaccines - answer..,Vaccines designed to protect against viral infections.
Bacterial Vaccines - answer..,Vaccines designed to protect against bacterial infections.
Passive Immunotherapy - answer..,Treatment that provides temporary immunity through the
administration of antibodies.
Surgery - answer..,Definitive treatment for cancer.
HCR 240 Final Actual Exam Questions And
Answers Practice Questions with Solutions
Newest, Exams of Nursing
Reconstruction phase of wound healing - answer..,The phase where the scar forms and the
wound begins to heal 3-4 days after injury.
Epithelialization - answer..,The process where cells from healthy tissue grow into the wound site.
Remodeling and Maturation - answer..,Occurs several weeks after the initial injury and may
continue for 2 years, involving tissue regeneration or scar remodeling.
Active Immunity - answer..,Antibodies/T cells produced after natural exposure to an antigen or
after immunization, long-lived.
Passive Immunity - answer..,Pre-formed antibodies/T cells transferred from donor to recipient,
temporary.
IgG - answer..,The most prevalent immunoglobulin with protective activity against infection,
crosses the placenta.
,2|Page
IgA - answer..,Immunoglobulin found in secretions, providing protective activity in body
secretions.
IgE - answer..,Immunoglobulin involved in allergic responses and defending against parasitic
infections.
IgD - answer..,Immunoglobulin that functions as one type of B-cell antigen receptor, not well
understood.
IgM - answer..,The largest immunoglobulin, first antibody produced during the initial response
to an antigen.
Types of hypersensitivities - answer..,Type I: IgE mediated; Type II: tissue specific reactions;
Type III: immune complex mediated; Type IV: cell mediated.
Systemic lupus erythematosus - answer..,Clinical manifestations include butterfly facial rash,
discoid rash, photosensitivity, oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers, nonerosive arthritis, serositis, renal
disorders, seizures/psychosis, decreased platelet counts, and presence of antinuclear antibodies.
Primary immune deficiencies - answer..,Inherited gene defects that impair the immune system's
ability to function properly, leading to a higher risk of infection.
,3|Page
Secondary immune deficiencies - answer..,Acquired later in life due to other health conditions,
medications, or environmental factors.
Stages of infection - answer..,Incubation: initial exposure to first symptoms; Prodromal: mild
initial symptoms; Invasion: affects other body tissues; Convalescence: recovery or latency
period.
Factors influencing disease capacity - answer..,Bacteria can produce toxins and extracellular
enzymes to destroy phagocytic cells and are resistant.
Fungal Infection - answer..,Large with thick, rigid cell walls; Mold yeast or dimorphic; Caused
by fungi (MYCOSIS); Transmitted by inhalation or wound; Suppress the immune system (found
usually in immunocompromised humans).
Parasitic & Protozoan Infections - answer..,Unicellular eukaryotes that are classified as parasites
that live off the host, causing harm to the host. Includes Protozoa and Helminths. Rarely
transmitted from human to human, ONLY THROUGH VECTORS.
Extracellular Infections - answer..,GI Tract, Vagina, Skin.
Intracellular Infections - answer..,Ingestion of contaminated water/food; Bites from insect
vectors.
, 4|Page
Viruses - answer..,Most common cause of illness in humans; Microorganisms that require host
cells in order to survive by infiltrating host cells and injecting their DNA into them; Completely
intracellular.
Viral Infection Mechanism - answer..,Attaches to the host cell via protein receptor; Penetrates
host cell; Releases genetic material into the host cytoplasm (RNA & DNA).
Antimicrobials - answer..,Prevent growth or directly kill pathogens.
Antivirals - answer..,Sometimes less successful because viruses use host enzymes.
MRSA - answer..,Overuse of antibiotics leading to antibiotic resistance.
Active Immunization - answer..,Vaccines.
Viral Vaccines - answer..,Vaccines designed to protect against viral infections.
Bacterial Vaccines - answer..,Vaccines designed to protect against bacterial infections.
Passive Immunotherapy - answer..,Treatment that provides temporary immunity through the
administration of antibodies.
Surgery - answer..,Definitive treatment for cancer.
