Arch 201 Module 2 Exam UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Define and differentiate between artifacts, ecofacts, and features. - CORRECT
ANSWER Artifacts: object manufactured, modified or used by people
Ecofact: organic and environmental remains associated with human behavior
Sometimes these categories overlap as in the case of butchered bones
Features
artifacts that is non portable.
Systemic vs. archaeological context - CORRECT ANSWER Systemic context is when object is
in use ; anticipating use again
When studying there's something you're not using but will use again
Archaeological context is when an object has been abandoned or otherwise left behind
C-Transforms, N-Transforms - CORRECT ANSWER Two types of formation processes
- Natural transformation process, or N transform
- Cultural processes or C-transform
N transform
-those types of change brought by the natural world rather than cultural events
E.G bone weathering due to surface exposure
C transform
- Those types of change brought about by the cultural world or human activity
E.G Intentional body burning for ritual disposal
HOW do sites formed - CORRECT ANSWER Loss and abandonment creates a site
, refuse disposal - CORRECT ANSWER disposal of solid waste a form of c transforms
construction and reconstruction - CORRECT ANSWER way how sites are transformed
Many sites have long or repeated short occupations
Resulting in alteration of the site and materials within it
Buildings changed and added to dramatically altering the landscape of the sit
Many prehistoric sites feature the use of refuse as fill
This is particularly common on sites with large architecture
Its also common in pit house context where abandoned structures are filled with garbage
It is even argued for hunter and gatherer base camps
Taphonomy - CORRECT ANSWER everything that happens to a bone, shell, or plant remains
between the time of death to the analysis of the specimen by archaeologists
Bioturbation - CORRECT ANSWER the disturbance of sedimentary deposits by living
organisms; way of n transform
Lithic Artifacts - CORRECT ANSWER stone artifacts
an example of a Artifacts can be transformed through intentional modification
Lithic artifacts (looks like knives) can be altered by resharpening
This can be so dramatic as to result un a tool that may not resemble their original form
Bulb of percussion/ Conchoidal fracture - CORRECT ANSWER The presence of a bulb of
percussion (created only by human activity)
When a stone tool is produced, the impact of one stone upon another produces a distinctive type of
fracture
This is vaguely shell shaped and referred to as the conchoidal shell shaped fracture or bulb of
percussion
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Define and differentiate between artifacts, ecofacts, and features. - CORRECT
ANSWER Artifacts: object manufactured, modified or used by people
Ecofact: organic and environmental remains associated with human behavior
Sometimes these categories overlap as in the case of butchered bones
Features
artifacts that is non portable.
Systemic vs. archaeological context - CORRECT ANSWER Systemic context is when object is
in use ; anticipating use again
When studying there's something you're not using but will use again
Archaeological context is when an object has been abandoned or otherwise left behind
C-Transforms, N-Transforms - CORRECT ANSWER Two types of formation processes
- Natural transformation process, or N transform
- Cultural processes or C-transform
N transform
-those types of change brought by the natural world rather than cultural events
E.G bone weathering due to surface exposure
C transform
- Those types of change brought about by the cultural world or human activity
E.G Intentional body burning for ritual disposal
HOW do sites formed - CORRECT ANSWER Loss and abandonment creates a site
, refuse disposal - CORRECT ANSWER disposal of solid waste a form of c transforms
construction and reconstruction - CORRECT ANSWER way how sites are transformed
Many sites have long or repeated short occupations
Resulting in alteration of the site and materials within it
Buildings changed and added to dramatically altering the landscape of the sit
Many prehistoric sites feature the use of refuse as fill
This is particularly common on sites with large architecture
Its also common in pit house context where abandoned structures are filled with garbage
It is even argued for hunter and gatherer base camps
Taphonomy - CORRECT ANSWER everything that happens to a bone, shell, or plant remains
between the time of death to the analysis of the specimen by archaeologists
Bioturbation - CORRECT ANSWER the disturbance of sedimentary deposits by living
organisms; way of n transform
Lithic Artifacts - CORRECT ANSWER stone artifacts
an example of a Artifacts can be transformed through intentional modification
Lithic artifacts (looks like knives) can be altered by resharpening
This can be so dramatic as to result un a tool that may not resemble their original form
Bulb of percussion/ Conchoidal fracture - CORRECT ANSWER The presence of a bulb of
percussion (created only by human activity)
When a stone tool is produced, the impact of one stone upon another produces a distinctive type of
fracture
This is vaguely shell shaped and referred to as the conchoidal shell shaped fracture or bulb of
percussion
