NSG 434 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
hematologic and immunologic dysfunction assessment - CORRECT
| | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔--Complete blood cell count | | |
-History and physical examination
| | |
-Comments by the parent regarding child's lack of energy
| | | | | | | |
-Food diary of poor iron sources
| | | | |
-Frequent infections |
-Bleeding that is difficult to control
| | | | |
-Examine skin for pallor, petechiae, and bruising
| | | | | |
anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--The most common hematologic
| | | | | | |
disorder of childhood | |
-Decrease in number of RBCs or hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration below
| | | | | | | | | |
normal, or both | |
-Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
| | | |
-Causes and physiology: depletion of RBCs or Hgb, or both; may be
| | | | | | | | | | | |
caused by a dietary depletion of iron
| | | | | |
-Morphology:
,characteristic changes in RBC size, shape, or color, or a combination of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
these
-Signs and symptoms: lack of energy, easy fatigability, and pallor;
| | | | | | | | | |
cyanosis is typically not evident
| | | |
-Diagnostic evaluation: |
sometimes defined as Hgb <10 or 11 g/dL; however, this cutoff may be
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
inappropriate for children | |
Aplastic Anemia: |
-A condition that occurs when your body stops producing enough new
| | | | | | | | | | |
blood cells. | |
-Treatment for aplastic anemia may include medications, blood
| | | | | | | |
transfusions, or a stem cell transplant, also known as a bone marrow
| | | | | | | | | | | |
transplant.
-Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) or erythroblastopenia refers to a type of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
anemia affecting the precursors to red blood cells but not to white
| | | | | | | | | | | |
blood cells. | |
-In PRCA, the bone marrow ceases to produce red blood cells.
| | | | | | | | | |
-Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a bleeding disorder in
| | | | | | | | |
which the immune system destroys platelets, which are necessary for
| | | | | | | | | |
normal blood clotting.
| | |
-People with the disease have too few platelets in the blood.
| | | | | | | | | |
,-Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a rare, life-threatening
| | | | | | | |
condition. |
-In the early stages of the condition, DIC causes your blood to clot
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
excessively. |
-As a result, blood clots may reduce blood flow and block blood from
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
reaching bodily organs. | |
Therapeutic Management of Anemia: | | |
-Diagnosis: history and physical, CBC | | | |
-Treatment of underlying cause: transfusion after hemorrhage if
| | | | | | | |
needed; nutritional intervention for deficiency anemias
| | | | |
-Supportive care: intravenous (IV) fluids to replace intravascular volume;
| | | | | | | |
oxygen therapy; bed rest
| | | |
Care Management of
| |
iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Caused by inadequate
| | | | | | | |
supply of dietary iron
| | |
-Generally preventable: |
•Iron-fortified cereals and formulas for infants (WIC programs) | | | | | | |
•Special needs of premature infants: reduced fetal iron supply
| | | | | | | |
•Adolescents at risk because of rapid growth and poor eating habits
| | | | | | | | | |
-Can get iron from red meat, beans, kale, raisins, some fruits
| | | | | | | | | |
, Pathophysiology:
-Caused by any number of factors: during last trimester, iron is
| | | | | | | | | | |
transferred from mother to fetus | | | |
•Adequate 5 to 6 months in full term | | | | | | |
•Only 2 to 3 months in preemies
| | | | | |
-"Milk babies": •Overweight infant because of excessive milk ingestion
| | | | | | | |
•2 reasons become anemic: milk (poor source of iron) and
| | | | | | | | |
increased fecal loss | |
-Therapeutic management: increase in the amount of iron the child
| | | | | | | | | |
receives
-Prognosis: very good | |
-Nursing Care Management: | |
-Diet
-Iron supplementation:
|
•Adherence to oral iron supplement with appropriate administration
| | | | | | |
•Liquid preparation: may temporarily stain teeth; brush teeth after
| | | | | | | | |
admin to lessen staining
| | |
Correct Answers
hematologic and immunologic dysfunction assessment - CORRECT
| | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔--Complete blood cell count | | |
-History and physical examination
| | |
-Comments by the parent regarding child's lack of energy
| | | | | | | |
-Food diary of poor iron sources
| | | | |
-Frequent infections |
-Bleeding that is difficult to control
| | | | |
-Examine skin for pallor, petechiae, and bruising
| | | | | |
anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--The most common hematologic
| | | | | | |
disorder of childhood | |
-Decrease in number of RBCs or hemoglobin (Hgb) concentration below
| | | | | | | | | |
normal, or both | |
-Decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of blood
| | | |
-Causes and physiology: depletion of RBCs or Hgb, or both; may be
| | | | | | | | | | | |
caused by a dietary depletion of iron
| | | | | |
-Morphology:
,characteristic changes in RBC size, shape, or color, or a combination of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
these
-Signs and symptoms: lack of energy, easy fatigability, and pallor;
| | | | | | | | | |
cyanosis is typically not evident
| | | |
-Diagnostic evaluation: |
sometimes defined as Hgb <10 or 11 g/dL; however, this cutoff may be
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
inappropriate for children | |
Aplastic Anemia: |
-A condition that occurs when your body stops producing enough new
| | | | | | | | | | |
blood cells. | |
-Treatment for aplastic anemia may include medications, blood
| | | | | | | |
transfusions, or a stem cell transplant, also known as a bone marrow
| | | | | | | | | | | |
transplant.
-Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) or erythroblastopenia refers to a type of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
anemia affecting the precursors to red blood cells but not to white
| | | | | | | | | | | |
blood cells. | |
-In PRCA, the bone marrow ceases to produce red blood cells.
| | | | | | | | | |
-Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a bleeding disorder in
| | | | | | | | |
which the immune system destroys platelets, which are necessary for
| | | | | | | | | |
normal blood clotting.
| | |
-People with the disease have too few platelets in the blood.
| | | | | | | | | |
,-Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a rare, life-threatening
| | | | | | | |
condition. |
-In the early stages of the condition, DIC causes your blood to clot
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
excessively. |
-As a result, blood clots may reduce blood flow and block blood from
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
reaching bodily organs. | |
Therapeutic Management of Anemia: | | |
-Diagnosis: history and physical, CBC | | | |
-Treatment of underlying cause: transfusion after hemorrhage if
| | | | | | | |
needed; nutritional intervention for deficiency anemias
| | | | |
-Supportive care: intravenous (IV) fluids to replace intravascular volume;
| | | | | | | |
oxygen therapy; bed rest
| | | |
Care Management of
| |
iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Caused by inadequate
| | | | | | | |
supply of dietary iron
| | |
-Generally preventable: |
•Iron-fortified cereals and formulas for infants (WIC programs) | | | | | | |
•Special needs of premature infants: reduced fetal iron supply
| | | | | | | |
•Adolescents at risk because of rapid growth and poor eating habits
| | | | | | | | | |
-Can get iron from red meat, beans, kale, raisins, some fruits
| | | | | | | | | |
, Pathophysiology:
-Caused by any number of factors: during last trimester, iron is
| | | | | | | | | | |
transferred from mother to fetus | | | |
•Adequate 5 to 6 months in full term | | | | | | |
•Only 2 to 3 months in preemies
| | | | | |
-"Milk babies": •Overweight infant because of excessive milk ingestion
| | | | | | | |
•2 reasons become anemic: milk (poor source of iron) and
| | | | | | | | |
increased fecal loss | |
-Therapeutic management: increase in the amount of iron the child
| | | | | | | | | |
receives
-Prognosis: very good | |
-Nursing Care Management: | |
-Diet
-Iron supplementation:
|
•Adherence to oral iron supplement with appropriate administration
| | | | | | |
•Liquid preparation: may temporarily stain teeth; brush teeth after
| | | | | | | | |
admin to lessen staining
| | |
