BIOL 240A – Mic-ch.10,11,12,13,14,15
Final Exam with Actual Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
A patient has been diagnosed with a disease caused by a drug-resistant strain of bacteria. What
is a likely way that the bacterium initially acquired resistance? - Answer mutation
A patient is infected with a bacterium that produces the enzyme beta-lactamase; this enzyme -
Answer inactivates penicillins, carbapenems and cephalosporins
Which of the following does not spread drug resistance throughout a population of bacteria? -
Answer Efflux pumps
A particular drug works by interfering with cellular metabolism in Gram-negative bacteria. How
might these bacteria become resistant in a way that Gram-positive bacteria never could? -
Answer alter porin proteins in the cell's outer membrane
What is microbial antagonism? - Answer the ability of the normal flora to outcompete and
outgrow pathogens
What is a superinfection? - Answer Superinfection is a disease caused by an organism that is
often an opportunist or one that was present in low numbers. Superinfection is a sequel to
removal of the normal flora by antibiotic treatment.
What causes thrush? - Answer Candida albicans
Which of the following classifications would best describe Candida albicans? - Answer yeast
If the patient were to get a subsequent urinary tract infection, what should the doctor prescribe
knowing that she is susceptible to thrush? - Answer The doctor should prescribe an
antibiotic specific for the bacterial species causing the urinary infection.
What is meant when a bacterium is said to become "resistant" to an antibiotic? - Answer The
bacterium is neither killed nor inhibited by the antibiotic.
When a patient is treated with antibiotics, __________. - Answer the drug will kill or inhibit
the growth of all of the sensitive bacterial cells
, The process of acquiring antibiotic resistance by means of bacteriophage activity is called -
Answer transduction
Which of the following mutations would not result in antibiotic resistance? - Answer Silent
mutation
R-plasmids are most likely acquired via - Answer bacterial conjugation
Dr. Paul Ehrlich observed that the differential stain developed by Dr. Gram suggested bacteria
could be killed differentially by chemicals (Chapter 1). He called these potential antibacterial
agents "magic bullets".
Which among the following cell features of bacteria are potential targets for Dr. Ehrlich's "magic
bullets" due to significant difference or absence from humans? Choose all that apply. - Answer
ribosome,
cell wall
The ____________ is a defining characteristic of bacteria which is not found in eukaryotes and
is therefore a good choice for chemotherapeutic agents. - Answer peptidoglycan cell wall
The cytosol of bacteria contain ____________ which has/have components different from those
of the functionally equivalent structure of eukaryotes. - Answer 70S ribosomes
Which of the following will most likely contribute to the spread of a genetic mutation among
bacterial species? - Answer transformation
Which of the following statements is MOST correct regarding the development of antibiotic
resistance in populations of bacteria? - Answer Exposure to antibiotics selects for the
members of a bacterial population which already have a resistant phenotype.
What is DOT? - Answer directly observed therapy
Which drug for the treatment of tuberculosis inhibits RNA production and colors body
secretions red-orange? - Answer rifampin
What is the therapeutic index? - Answer the drug dose the patient can tolerate divided by
the effective dose
Final Exam with Actual Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
A patient has been diagnosed with a disease caused by a drug-resistant strain of bacteria. What
is a likely way that the bacterium initially acquired resistance? - Answer mutation
A patient is infected with a bacterium that produces the enzyme beta-lactamase; this enzyme -
Answer inactivates penicillins, carbapenems and cephalosporins
Which of the following does not spread drug resistance throughout a population of bacteria? -
Answer Efflux pumps
A particular drug works by interfering with cellular metabolism in Gram-negative bacteria. How
might these bacteria become resistant in a way that Gram-positive bacteria never could? -
Answer alter porin proteins in the cell's outer membrane
What is microbial antagonism? - Answer the ability of the normal flora to outcompete and
outgrow pathogens
What is a superinfection? - Answer Superinfection is a disease caused by an organism that is
often an opportunist or one that was present in low numbers. Superinfection is a sequel to
removal of the normal flora by antibiotic treatment.
What causes thrush? - Answer Candida albicans
Which of the following classifications would best describe Candida albicans? - Answer yeast
If the patient were to get a subsequent urinary tract infection, what should the doctor prescribe
knowing that she is susceptible to thrush? - Answer The doctor should prescribe an
antibiotic specific for the bacterial species causing the urinary infection.
What is meant when a bacterium is said to become "resistant" to an antibiotic? - Answer The
bacterium is neither killed nor inhibited by the antibiotic.
When a patient is treated with antibiotics, __________. - Answer the drug will kill or inhibit
the growth of all of the sensitive bacterial cells
, The process of acquiring antibiotic resistance by means of bacteriophage activity is called -
Answer transduction
Which of the following mutations would not result in antibiotic resistance? - Answer Silent
mutation
R-plasmids are most likely acquired via - Answer bacterial conjugation
Dr. Paul Ehrlich observed that the differential stain developed by Dr. Gram suggested bacteria
could be killed differentially by chemicals (Chapter 1). He called these potential antibacterial
agents "magic bullets".
Which among the following cell features of bacteria are potential targets for Dr. Ehrlich's "magic
bullets" due to significant difference or absence from humans? Choose all that apply. - Answer
ribosome,
cell wall
The ____________ is a defining characteristic of bacteria which is not found in eukaryotes and
is therefore a good choice for chemotherapeutic agents. - Answer peptidoglycan cell wall
The cytosol of bacteria contain ____________ which has/have components different from those
of the functionally equivalent structure of eukaryotes. - Answer 70S ribosomes
Which of the following will most likely contribute to the spread of a genetic mutation among
bacterial species? - Answer transformation
Which of the following statements is MOST correct regarding the development of antibiotic
resistance in populations of bacteria? - Answer Exposure to antibiotics selects for the
members of a bacterial population which already have a resistant phenotype.
What is DOT? - Answer directly observed therapy
Which drug for the treatment of tuberculosis inhibits RNA production and colors body
secretions red-orange? - Answer rifampin
What is the therapeutic index? - Answer the drug dose the patient can tolerate divided by
the effective dose
