Human Anatomy and Physiology Final
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
_________________ are the simplest body structures considered alive. - Answer cells
Metabolism is the sum of - Answer anabolism and catabolism
An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ are
microscopic structures in a cell. - Answer organs, organelles
Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest? -
Answer organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle
All of the following are human organ systems except - Answer epidermal
Negative feedback loops are - Answer homeostatic
When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates
release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to
contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is
an example of - Answer positive feedback
Which one of the following is not in the correct anatomical position? - Answer palms facing
posteriorly
The plane that passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and
posterior portions is called the _____ plane. - Answer frontal
The breastbone is _____ to the vertebral column. - Answer anterior
The lumbar vertebrae are __________ to the thoracic vertebrae. - Answer inferior
The heart is in the _____ cavity and is covered by the _____. - Answer thoracic, pericardium
The ability to maintain internal stability is called - Answer homeostasis
,This system provides protection, water retention, thermoregulation, and vitamin D production. -
Answer integumentary system
This system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. - Answer digestive
This system regulates blood volume and pressure, stimulates red blood cell formation, and
controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. - Answer urinary system
Histology is the study of structures that can be observed without a magnifying lens. True or false
- Answer False
Negative feedback is a self-amplifying chain of events that tend to produce rapid change in the
body. True or false - Answer False
______ account for over 90% of the body's weight. - Answer carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen
Ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds. True or false - Answer
True
ATP is the body's most important form of long-term energy storage. True or false - Answer
False
The chemical bonding properties of an atom are determined by its - Answer electrons
Varieties of elements called ________ differ from one another only in number of neutrons, and
therefore differ in atomic mass. - Answer isotopes
When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water - Answer ionic bonds between
Na+ and Cl- are broken.
What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another? - Answer A hydrogen bond
Which of these has the highest H+ concentration? - Answer Lemon juice, pH = 2.3
When ATP breaks down to ADP, potential energy stored in bonds is released. This energy stored
in bonds is __________ energy. - Answer chemical
, Proteins can serve all of the following functions except - Answer store hereditary information
A drastic conformational change in proteins in response to conditions such as extreme heat or
pH will lead to loss of a protein's function. This significant change in three-dimensional shape is
called - Answer denaturation
A gene can be defined as a code on a segment of RNA that codes for the production of a
polypeptide. True or false - Answer False
The phase during which sister chromatids aggregate along the equator of the cell is called
_________. - Answer metaphase
Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called ________________________,
whereas using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called
________________________. - Answer transcription, translation
Transcription occurs in the _________________, but most translation occurs in the
_____________. - Answer nucleus, cytoplasm
The fluid outside of a cell is called - Answer extracellular fluid
The most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane are _________. - Answer
phospholipids
Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called __________. -
Answer osmosis
Facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common that both - Answer are cases of
carrier-mediated transport.
Particles can leave a cell by any of these means except by - Answer pinocytosis.
White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of - Answer phagocytosis.
Which of these is an example of active transport? - Answer Transport of Na+ from a place of
low concentration to a place of higher concentration
What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? - Answer
Protein synthesis
Exam and All Correct Answers 2025-
2026 Updated.
_________________ are the simplest body structures considered alive. - Answer cells
Metabolism is the sum of - Answer anabolism and catabolism
An _______________ is composed of two or more tissues types, whereas ____________ are
microscopic structures in a cell. - Answer organs, organelles
Which of the following lists levels of human structure from the most complex to the simplest? -
Answer organ system, organ, tissue, cell, organelle
All of the following are human organ systems except - Answer epidermal
Negative feedback loops are - Answer homeostatic
When a woman is giving birth, the head of the baby pushes against her cervix and stimulates
release of the hormone oxytocin. Oxytocin travels in the blood and stimulates the uterus to
contract. Labor contractions become more and more intense until the baby is expelled. This is
an example of - Answer positive feedback
Which one of the following is not in the correct anatomical position? - Answer palms facing
posteriorly
The plane that passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and
posterior portions is called the _____ plane. - Answer frontal
The breastbone is _____ to the vertebral column. - Answer anterior
The lumbar vertebrae are __________ to the thoracic vertebrae. - Answer inferior
The heart is in the _____ cavity and is covered by the _____. - Answer thoracic, pericardium
The ability to maintain internal stability is called - Answer homeostasis
,This system provides protection, water retention, thermoregulation, and vitamin D production. -
Answer integumentary system
This system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. - Answer digestive
This system regulates blood volume and pressure, stimulates red blood cell formation, and
controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. - Answer urinary system
Histology is the study of structures that can be observed without a magnifying lens. True or false
- Answer False
Negative feedback is a self-amplifying chain of events that tend to produce rapid change in the
body. True or false - Answer False
______ account for over 90% of the body's weight. - Answer carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen
Ionic bonds break apart in water more easily than covalent bonds. True or false - Answer
True
ATP is the body's most important form of long-term energy storage. True or false - Answer
False
The chemical bonding properties of an atom are determined by its - Answer electrons
Varieties of elements called ________ differ from one another only in number of neutrons, and
therefore differ in atomic mass. - Answer isotopes
When table salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), is placed in water - Answer ionic bonds between
Na+ and Cl- are broken.
What type of bond attracts one water molecule to another? - Answer A hydrogen bond
Which of these has the highest H+ concentration? - Answer Lemon juice, pH = 2.3
When ATP breaks down to ADP, potential energy stored in bonds is released. This energy stored
in bonds is __________ energy. - Answer chemical
, Proteins can serve all of the following functions except - Answer store hereditary information
A drastic conformational change in proteins in response to conditions such as extreme heat or
pH will lead to loss of a protein's function. This significant change in three-dimensional shape is
called - Answer denaturation
A gene can be defined as a code on a segment of RNA that codes for the production of a
polypeptide. True or false - Answer False
The phase during which sister chromatids aggregate along the equator of the cell is called
_________. - Answer metaphase
Copying genetic information from DNA into RNA is called ________________________,
whereas using the information contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called
________________________. - Answer transcription, translation
Transcription occurs in the _________________, but most translation occurs in the
_____________. - Answer nucleus, cytoplasm
The fluid outside of a cell is called - Answer extracellular fluid
The most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane are _________. - Answer
phospholipids
Water flows through a selectively permeable membrane in a process called __________. -
Answer osmosis
Facilitated diffusion and active transport have in common that both - Answer are cases of
carrier-mediated transport.
Particles can leave a cell by any of these means except by - Answer pinocytosis.
White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of - Answer phagocytosis.
Which of these is an example of active transport? - Answer Transport of Na+ from a place of
low concentration to a place of higher concentration
What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? - Answer
Protein synthesis
