MOTOR SCIENCES- LECTURES 8-10 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Motor learning definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a set of internal processes associated with practice or
new experiences that lead to relatively permanent changes in ability, long-term retention of ability, and
transfer of ability to related tasks and altered contexts
Retention vs transfer tasks - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Both indicate motor learning and occur later |
Retention task: SAME task | Transfer task: DIFFERENT but related untrained task
Task characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Active movements > passive; tasks need to be goal
oriented; appropriately challenged over time (not too easy or too difficult)
Instructions/demo - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Begin with general overview of task before attempting it
(what will be done and why)
Labels - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tell the patient the NAME of the exercise; improve clarity, reduce
confusion, support learning/recall, promote consistent communication (ex: "shoulder flexion")
Analogies - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅use patient-centered cues; link new movements to familiar actions;
improve understanding, visualization, and motor learning (ex: "bring your arm across your body")
Cueing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅focus on one or two cues per attempt
Focus of attention - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅internal focus for learning; external focus for retention
Action-Effect Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅learning/performance optimized when attention is
directed to intended outcome rather than movements themselves
Physical guidance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Passive: PT does everything | Active: PT supports safety or
gives cues but patient controls movement
, Visual demo vs visual feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Demo: BEFORE practice, enhances early
learning | Feedback: AFTER practice via self-observation, enhances later learning
Intrinsic feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sensory info naturally available from movement
(exteroception + proprioception)
Exteroceptive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅visual, auditory, smells, tactile
Proprioceptive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅information from receptors in muscles/tendons/joints
during movement
Extrinsic (augmented) feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅task-related info added to setting
Knowledge of performance (KP) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅related to quality of movement; provided
during movement
Knowledge of results (KR) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅related to outcome; provided after movement
Dependency producing feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅negative; patient becomes dependent on
extrinsic feedback instead of intrinsic processes
Prescriptive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅describes how to correct errors; more useful for early
learning
Descriptive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅describes what the error is; more useful for late learning
Reinforcement vs punishment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Positive reinforcement = add pleasant stimulus;
Negative reinforcement = remove unpleasant stimulus; Punishment = add unpleasant or remove
pleasant to decrease behavior
Motor learning definition - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a set of internal processes associated with practice or
new experiences that lead to relatively permanent changes in ability, long-term retention of ability, and
transfer of ability to related tasks and altered contexts
Retention vs transfer tasks - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Both indicate motor learning and occur later |
Retention task: SAME task | Transfer task: DIFFERENT but related untrained task
Task characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Active movements > passive; tasks need to be goal
oriented; appropriately challenged over time (not too easy or too difficult)
Instructions/demo - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Begin with general overview of task before attempting it
(what will be done and why)
Labels - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tell the patient the NAME of the exercise; improve clarity, reduce
confusion, support learning/recall, promote consistent communication (ex: "shoulder flexion")
Analogies - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅use patient-centered cues; link new movements to familiar actions;
improve understanding, visualization, and motor learning (ex: "bring your arm across your body")
Cueing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅focus on one or two cues per attempt
Focus of attention - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅internal focus for learning; external focus for retention
Action-Effect Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅learning/performance optimized when attention is
directed to intended outcome rather than movements themselves
Physical guidance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Passive: PT does everything | Active: PT supports safety or
gives cues but patient controls movement
, Visual demo vs visual feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Demo: BEFORE practice, enhances early
learning | Feedback: AFTER practice via self-observation, enhances later learning
Intrinsic feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sensory info naturally available from movement
(exteroception + proprioception)
Exteroceptive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅visual, auditory, smells, tactile
Proprioceptive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅information from receptors in muscles/tendons/joints
during movement
Extrinsic (augmented) feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅task-related info added to setting
Knowledge of performance (KP) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅related to quality of movement; provided
during movement
Knowledge of results (KR) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅related to outcome; provided after movement
Dependency producing feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅negative; patient becomes dependent on
extrinsic feedback instead of intrinsic processes
Prescriptive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅describes how to correct errors; more useful for early
learning
Descriptive feedback - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅describes what the error is; more useful for late learning
Reinforcement vs punishment - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Positive reinforcement = add pleasant stimulus;
Negative reinforcement = remove unpleasant stimulus; Punishment = add unpleasant or remove
pleasant to decrease behavior
