PN 2003 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Insulin. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Pancreatic hormone necessary for the metabolism of glucose.
Insulin independence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- ability of client's own naturally produced insulin to
regulate blood glucose levels within consistently normal ranges.
Insulin resistance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- decreased sensitivity to insulin at the tissue level
Insulin : type 1 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅no insulin is produced
Insulin : type 2 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅not enough insulin
Hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅low level of sugar in the blood
Hyperglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is an increased level of sugar in the blood
Alzheimer's disease: early stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mild impairment, short term memory loss and
depression
Alzheimer's disease: middle stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅increased need for assistance with ADL's
(Activities of daily living and IADL's (instrumental activities of daily living)
Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Late Stage
24-hour care is required, unable to communicate or look after themselves
What are characteristics of vascular? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Vascular Dementia is caused by small
cerebral infarctions. Brain damage may be local or systemic, the onset is more rapid, and the disease
progresses more predictably
,onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
caused by damage to the brain from small infarctions
caused by circulatory problems with insufficient blood flow and oxygen reaching the brain
Risk factors include
- smoking - vasoconstriction constricts the flow of blood to the brain
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia - atherosclerosis causes narrowed blood flow to brain
- inactivity
- history of stoke or cardiovascular disease
What is dementia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dementia is an irreversible, progressive impairment in
cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
Signs and Symptoms of dementia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
, What is front temporal dementia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dementia is an irreversible, progressive
impairment in cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
1. Memory Impairment
2. Aphasia: difficulty speaking
3. Apraxia: speech muscle impairment
4. Agnosia: inability to recognize faces, objects, or places
5. Disturbance in executive functioning
Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
Frontal Temporal Dementia is characterized by neuronal atrophy affecting the frontal lobes of the brain
rather neurofibrillary tangles and plaques as seen in Alzheimer's.
- shrinking of the frontal lobes of the brain
Language Abnormalities
- logorrhea: unfocused speech
- echolalia: spontaneous repetition of words/phrases
- palilalia: compulsive repetition of phrases
Insulin. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- Pancreatic hormone necessary for the metabolism of glucose.
Insulin independence - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- ability of client's own naturally produced insulin to
regulate blood glucose levels within consistently normal ranges.
Insulin resistance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- decreased sensitivity to insulin at the tissue level
Insulin : type 1 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅no insulin is produced
Insulin : type 2 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅not enough insulin
Hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅low level of sugar in the blood
Hyperglycemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅is an increased level of sugar in the blood
Alzheimer's disease: early stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mild impairment, short term memory loss and
depression
Alzheimer's disease: middle stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅increased need for assistance with ADL's
(Activities of daily living and IADL's (instrumental activities of daily living)
Alzheimer's disease - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Late Stage
24-hour care is required, unable to communicate or look after themselves
What are characteristics of vascular? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Vascular Dementia is caused by small
cerebral infarctions. Brain damage may be local or systemic, the onset is more rapid, and the disease
progresses more predictably
,onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
caused by damage to the brain from small infarctions
caused by circulatory problems with insufficient blood flow and oxygen reaching the brain
Risk factors include
- smoking - vasoconstriction constricts the flow of blood to the brain
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia - atherosclerosis causes narrowed blood flow to brain
- inactivity
- history of stoke or cardiovascular disease
What is dementia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dementia is an irreversible, progressive impairment in
cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
Signs and Symptoms of dementia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
, What is front temporal dementia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dementia is an irreversible, progressive
impairment in cognitive function, affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
1. Memory Impairment
2. Aphasia: difficulty speaking
3. Apraxia: speech muscle impairment
4. Agnosia: inability to recognize faces, objects, or places
5. Disturbance in executive functioning
Signs and Symptoms
- decline in memory, reasoning, and communication
- changes in behavior
- loss of skills (ADL's and IADL's)
- movement difficulties
Frontal Temporal Dementia is characterized by neuronal atrophy affecting the frontal lobes of the brain
rather neurofibrillary tangles and plaques as seen in Alzheimer's.
- shrinking of the frontal lobes of the brain
Language Abnormalities
- logorrhea: unfocused speech
- echolalia: spontaneous repetition of words/phrases
- palilalia: compulsive repetition of phrases
