PSY 2100 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
what are fixations in reading? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅when the eyes pause and focus on a word
what are saccades? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅short eye movements from one point to another, not really
reading. Forward to back
what is perceptual span? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅how much your eyes can cover in a fixation
what is the range of the perceptual span? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅in English, about 4 letters to the left
and 15 letters to the right
what is the ratio of words we fixate on when reading? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅80% nouns, verbs, and
adjectives
20% function words (articles, conjunctions, pronouns)
what is fixation time? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅how long we spend on a word
what factors influence fixation time? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅frequency, predictability, length of word,
familiarity
what is the spillover effect? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅people will fixate longer on a word if it follows a
rare word
what is regression? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a saccade that moves backwards
what is skipping? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅no fixation is made
what is the cause of dyslexia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅difficulty mapping written words to phonemes
, what is parsing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅breaking a sentence down into individual grammatical phrases
what is the garden path approach? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅you choose the simplest phrasing and
smallest parsing we assume will still work
what is the difference between descriptive rules in language and prescriptive rules in language? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅descriptive: common language
prescriptive: rules for how language ought to be used (good and well are different)
What is the whole word approach? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Rote memorization of words
What is the phonetic approach? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅using letters to sound out words
Whole-Language Approach? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅guessing unfamiliar words using illustrations,
context, and storyline
What's a heuristic? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mental shortcut
What was the Schwarts et al study about (1991)? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Availability Heuristic: people
judge the likelihood or frequency of an event based on how easily examples come to mind.
group 1 is asked to name 6 instances of being assertive (easy), group 2 asked to name 12 instances
(hard), the group that has an easier time will consider themselves more assertive, even if they name less
instances total.
What is the availability heuristic? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅people judge the likelihood or frequency of
an event based on how easily examples come to mind
what are fixations in reading? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅when the eyes pause and focus on a word
what are saccades? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅short eye movements from one point to another, not really
reading. Forward to back
what is perceptual span? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅how much your eyes can cover in a fixation
what is the range of the perceptual span? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅in English, about 4 letters to the left
and 15 letters to the right
what is the ratio of words we fixate on when reading? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅80% nouns, verbs, and
adjectives
20% function words (articles, conjunctions, pronouns)
what is fixation time? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅how long we spend on a word
what factors influence fixation time? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅frequency, predictability, length of word,
familiarity
what is the spillover effect? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅people will fixate longer on a word if it follows a
rare word
what is regression? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a saccade that moves backwards
what is skipping? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅no fixation is made
what is the cause of dyslexia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅difficulty mapping written words to phonemes
, what is parsing? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅breaking a sentence down into individual grammatical phrases
what is the garden path approach? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅you choose the simplest phrasing and
smallest parsing we assume will still work
what is the difference between descriptive rules in language and prescriptive rules in language? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅descriptive: common language
prescriptive: rules for how language ought to be used (good and well are different)
What is the whole word approach? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Rote memorization of words
What is the phonetic approach? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅using letters to sound out words
Whole-Language Approach? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅guessing unfamiliar words using illustrations,
context, and storyline
What's a heuristic? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅mental shortcut
What was the Schwarts et al study about (1991)? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Availability Heuristic: people
judge the likelihood or frequency of an event based on how easily examples come to mind.
group 1 is asked to name 6 instances of being assertive (easy), group 2 asked to name 12 instances
(hard), the group that has an easier time will consider themselves more assertive, even if they name less
instances total.
What is the availability heuristic? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅people judge the likelihood or frequency of
an event based on how easily examples come to mind
