CD 415 FINAL EXAM 2025/2026
1. Expressive language is to output as ______ is to input.
A) Phonology
B) Receptive
C) Pragmatics
D) Morphology
Answer: B) Receptive
Expressive language involves producing spoken or written output, while receptive language involves
comprehending or processing incoming linguistic input, including listening and reading comprehension .
2. Which of the following domains of language encompasses both verbal and nonverbal social interaction and
communication skills?
A) Phonology
B) Morphology
C) Syntax
D) Pragmatics
Answer: D) Pragmatics
Pragmatics refers to the social rules and functions of language use in context, including turn-taking, maintaining
topics, and interpreting nonverbal cues such as eye contact and gesture .
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,3. If a 3-year-old's language assessment reveals that they are not combining words into sentences, we can say that
the child presents a delay in ________.
A) Speech
B) Language
C) Articulation
D) Voice
Answer: B) Language
Failure to combine words into sentences by age 3 indicates a delay in language development, specifically in the
syntactic domain (sentence structure), rather than speech sound production .
4. Which of the following therapy goals represents a speech goal rather than a language goal?
A) Client will use past tense -ed in spontaneous sentences
B) Client will answer wh-questions following a short story
C) Client will produce initial and final /s/ and /z/ with 80% accuracy
D) Client will request preferred items using two-word phrases
Answer: C) Client will produce initial and final /s/ and /z/ with 80% accuracy
A speech goal targets the motor production of specific phonemes (articulation/phonology), whereas language goals
target form, content, or use (morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) .
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,5. A theoretical approach to language development that focuses on both the biological structures and mechanisms
internal to the child but also the influence of experience and the environment is known as ________.
A) Nativist theory
B) Behaviorist theory
C) Interactionist theory
D) Cognitive theory
Answer: C) Interactionist theory
Interactionist theory integrates innate biological capacities for language with environmental and social experiences,
recognizing that both nature and nurture contribute to language acquisition .
6. Which of the following is NOT described or considered within the traditional information processing model?
A) Sensory memory
B) Working memory
C) Long-term memory
D) Sharing space effectively with communication partners
Answer: D) Sharing space effectively with communication partners
The traditional information processing model focuses on cognitive mechanisms of input, storage, and output
(sensory, working, and long-term memory), not social-pragmatic skills like sharing space or joint attention .
7. The area between what a child can accomplish independently and what he or she can accomplish with another
person who has greater knowledge, experience, and skills is called the ________.
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, A) Zone of proximal development
B) Critical period
C) Language acquisition device
D) Scaffolding zone
Answer: A) Zone of proximal development
Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) describes the gap between independent performance and assisted
performance, where learning occurs through guided interaction with more knowledgeable others .
8. Match the theorist to their contribution: Eric Lenneberg
A) Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
B) Critical age periods and universal timetable
C) Operant conditioning and reinforcement
D) Joint referencing
Answer: B) Critical age periods and universal timetable
Eric Lenneberg proposed that language acquisition occurs within a critical period (roughly birth to puberty) and that
children across cultures reach language milestones at roughly the same ages, suggesting a biological timetable .
9. Match the theorist to their contribution: Noam Chomsky
A) Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
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1. Expressive language is to output as ______ is to input.
A) Phonology
B) Receptive
C) Pragmatics
D) Morphology
Answer: B) Receptive
Expressive language involves producing spoken or written output, while receptive language involves
comprehending or processing incoming linguistic input, including listening and reading comprehension .
2. Which of the following domains of language encompasses both verbal and nonverbal social interaction and
communication skills?
A) Phonology
B) Morphology
C) Syntax
D) Pragmatics
Answer: D) Pragmatics
Pragmatics refers to the social rules and functions of language use in context, including turn-taking, maintaining
topics, and interpreting nonverbal cues such as eye contact and gesture .
1|Page
,3. If a 3-year-old's language assessment reveals that they are not combining words into sentences, we can say that
the child presents a delay in ________.
A) Speech
B) Language
C) Articulation
D) Voice
Answer: B) Language
Failure to combine words into sentences by age 3 indicates a delay in language development, specifically in the
syntactic domain (sentence structure), rather than speech sound production .
4. Which of the following therapy goals represents a speech goal rather than a language goal?
A) Client will use past tense -ed in spontaneous sentences
B) Client will answer wh-questions following a short story
C) Client will produce initial and final /s/ and /z/ with 80% accuracy
D) Client will request preferred items using two-word phrases
Answer: C) Client will produce initial and final /s/ and /z/ with 80% accuracy
A speech goal targets the motor production of specific phonemes (articulation/phonology), whereas language goals
target form, content, or use (morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) .
2|Page
,5. A theoretical approach to language development that focuses on both the biological structures and mechanisms
internal to the child but also the influence of experience and the environment is known as ________.
A) Nativist theory
B) Behaviorist theory
C) Interactionist theory
D) Cognitive theory
Answer: C) Interactionist theory
Interactionist theory integrates innate biological capacities for language with environmental and social experiences,
recognizing that both nature and nurture contribute to language acquisition .
6. Which of the following is NOT described or considered within the traditional information processing model?
A) Sensory memory
B) Working memory
C) Long-term memory
D) Sharing space effectively with communication partners
Answer: D) Sharing space effectively with communication partners
The traditional information processing model focuses on cognitive mechanisms of input, storage, and output
(sensory, working, and long-term memory), not social-pragmatic skills like sharing space or joint attention .
7. The area between what a child can accomplish independently and what he or she can accomplish with another
person who has greater knowledge, experience, and skills is called the ________.
3|Page
, A) Zone of proximal development
B) Critical period
C) Language acquisition device
D) Scaffolding zone
Answer: A) Zone of proximal development
Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) describes the gap between independent performance and assisted
performance, where learning occurs through guided interaction with more knowledgeable others .
8. Match the theorist to their contribution: Eric Lenneberg
A) Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
B) Critical age periods and universal timetable
C) Operant conditioning and reinforcement
D) Joint referencing
Answer: B) Critical age periods and universal timetable
Eric Lenneberg proposed that language acquisition occurs within a critical period (roughly birth to puberty) and that
children across cultures reach language milestones at roughly the same ages, suggesting a biological timetable .
9. Match the theorist to their contribution: Noam Chomsky
A) Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
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