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characteristics that describe an individual's behavior. ✔Correct Answer-personality
characteristics that describe an individual's behavior in a large number of situations ✔Correct
Answer-personality traits
A personality test that taps four characteristics and classifies Behavior ✔Correct Answer-
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A personality assessment model that taps five basic dimensions. extraversion, agreeableness,
openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. ✔Correct Answer-Big Five Model
A personality describing someone who is sociable and assertive (confident and forceful )
✔Correct Answer-extraversion
A personality that describes someone who is good natured, cooperative, and trusting.
✔Correct Answer-agreeableness
A personality that describes someone who is responsible, dependable, persistent, and
organized. ✔Correct Answer-conscientiousness
A personality that characterizes someone as calm, self-confident, and insecure. ✔Correct
Answer-emotional stability
A personality that characterizes someone in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity.
✔Correct Answer-openness to experience
Bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a
person. ✔Correct Answer-core self-evaluation
The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that
ends can justify means. ✔Correct Answer-Machiavellianism
The tendency to be arrogant, self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of
entitlement. ✔Correct Answer-narcissism
where an individual's has ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.
✔Correct Answer-self-monitoring
,People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful
change occurs. ✔Correct Answer-proactive personality
Basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or
socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.
✔Correct Answer-values
A hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual's values in terms of their intensity. ✔Correct
Answer-value system
Values that we work towards (happiness, self-respect, family security, recognition) ✔Correct
Answer-terminal values
Core values that are permanent in nature (honesty, sincerity, ambition, independence)
✔Correct Answer-instrumental values
A theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type
and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover. ✔Correct Answer-
personality Job-fit theory
where society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally.
✔Correct Answer-power distance
where people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups. ✔Correct
Answer-individualism
A national culture attribute that describes a tight social framework in which people expect
others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them. ✔Correct
Answer-collectivism
where culture favors traditional masculine work roles of achievement, power, and control.
✔Correct Answer-masculinity
indicates little differentiation between male and female roles; where women are treated as the
equals of men in all aspects of the society. ✔Correct Answer-femininity
A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society feels threatened by
uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them. ✔Correct Answer-uncertainty
avoidance
A national culture attribute that emphasizes the future, thrift, and persistence. ✔Correct
Answer-long-term orientation
, A national culture attribute that emphasizes the past and present, respect for tradition, and
fulfillment of social obligations. people value the here and now; they accept change more
readily and don't see commitments as impediments to change. ✔Correct Answer-short-term
orientation
factors determined at conception; one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological
makeup. ✔Correct Answer-heredity
A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give
meaning to their environment. ✔Correct Answer-Perception
An attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is internally or externally caused.
✔Correct Answer-attribution theory
The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence
of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others. ✔Correct Answer-
fundamental attribution error
The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the
blame for failures on external factors. ✔Correct Answer-self-serving bias
The tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the basis of one's interests, background,
experience, and attitudes. ✔Correct Answer-selective perception
The tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single
characteristic. ✔Correct Answer-halo effect
Evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people
recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. ✔Correct
Answer-contrast effect
Judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs.
✔Correct Answer-stereotyping
Causing something to happen by believing it will come true. ✔Correct Answer-self-fulfilling
prophecy
Choices made from among two or more alternatives. ✔Correct Answer-decisions
A discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state. ✔Correct Answer-
problem
Characterized by making consistent, value-maximizing choices within specified constraints.
✔Correct Answer-rational