NR503 Exam 4 Actual Exam Style V1 | NR
503 Population Health, Epidemiology &
Statistical Principles | Chamberlain
1. Which term describes the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a specific
population during a defined period?
A. Prevalence
B. Incidence
C. Morbidity
D. Mortality
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Incidence refers specifically to the occurrence of new cases within a
population over a certain timeframe. It is a measure of the risk of developing a new
condition. Prevalence, by contrast, includes both new and existing cases.
2. A researcher is studying a rare disease and decides to compare individuals who have the
disease with individuals who do not. What type of study design is this?
A. Cohort Study
B. Randomized Controlled Trial
C. Cross-sectional Study
D. Case-Control Study
,Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: A case-control study is designed to look backward from an outcome
to find exposure. It is particularly efficient for studying rare diseases because it starts with
people who already have the condition. This design compares the history of exposure
between cases and controls.
3. What is the primary goal of primary prevention?
A. Preventing the initial onset of disease
B. Rehabilitation after illness
C. Early diagnosis and treatment
D. Screening for asymptomatic conditions
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever
occurs. This is done by preventing exposure to hazards that cause disease or injury,
altering unhealthy behaviors, and increasing resistance to disease. Examples include
vaccinations and health education.
4. Sensitivity in a diagnostic test refers to which of the following?
A. The proportion of positive results that are true positives
B. The ability of a test to correctly identify those without the disease
C. The ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease
, D. The proportion of negative results that are true negatives
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Sensitivity measures the proportion of actual positives that are
correctly identified as such. A highly sensitive test will have a low false-negative rate. This
is critical for screening programs where missing a case could be dangerous.
5. In epidemiology, what does the term ‘Endemic’ mean?
A. A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease
B. A disease that is newly emerging in a population
C. A disease that has spread across several countries
D. The constant presence of a disease within a geographic area
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: An endemic disease is one that is habitually present in a particular
area or population. It represents the baseline level of the disease. It does not necessarily
mean the disease is highly prevalent, just that it is expected.
6. Which of the following is an example of a social determinant of health (SDOH)?
A. Genetic predisposition to diabetes
B. Cellular mutations
C. Access to safe housing and clean water
D. Individual biological age
503 Population Health, Epidemiology &
Statistical Principles | Chamberlain
1. Which term describes the number of new cases of a disease that occur in a specific
population during a defined period?
A. Prevalence
B. Incidence
C. Morbidity
D. Mortality
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Incidence refers specifically to the occurrence of new cases within a
population over a certain timeframe. It is a measure of the risk of developing a new
condition. Prevalence, by contrast, includes both new and existing cases.
2. A researcher is studying a rare disease and decides to compare individuals who have the
disease with individuals who do not. What type of study design is this?
A. Cohort Study
B. Randomized Controlled Trial
C. Cross-sectional Study
D. Case-Control Study
,Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: A case-control study is designed to look backward from an outcome
to find exposure. It is particularly efficient for studying rare diseases because it starts with
people who already have the condition. This design compares the history of exposure
between cases and controls.
3. What is the primary goal of primary prevention?
A. Preventing the initial onset of disease
B. Rehabilitation after illness
C. Early diagnosis and treatment
D. Screening for asymptomatic conditions
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever
occurs. This is done by preventing exposure to hazards that cause disease or injury,
altering unhealthy behaviors, and increasing resistance to disease. Examples include
vaccinations and health education.
4. Sensitivity in a diagnostic test refers to which of the following?
A. The proportion of positive results that are true positives
B. The ability of a test to correctly identify those without the disease
C. The ability of a test to correctly identify those with the disease
, D. The proportion of negative results that are true negatives
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Sensitivity measures the proportion of actual positives that are
correctly identified as such. A highly sensitive test will have a low false-negative rate. This
is critical for screening programs where missing a case could be dangerous.
5. In epidemiology, what does the term ‘Endemic’ mean?
A. A sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease
B. A disease that is newly emerging in a population
C. A disease that has spread across several countries
D. The constant presence of a disease within a geographic area
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: An endemic disease is one that is habitually present in a particular
area or population. It represents the baseline level of the disease. It does not necessarily
mean the disease is highly prevalent, just that it is expected.
6. Which of the following is an example of a social determinant of health (SDOH)?
A. Genetic predisposition to diabetes
B. Cellular mutations
C. Access to safe housing and clean water
D. Individual biological age
