NU150 Exam 1 Galen: (Latest 2026/2027) Diuretics, Diabetes
Medications, Insulin Therapy & Pharmacokinetics | Q&A Grade A
Complete Review: Loop/Thiazide/Potassium‑Sparing Diuretics, Insulin Types & Mixing, Oral Antidiabetics, A1C, Drug
Interactions, Injection Techniques
SUBJECT SOURCE FORMAT
Foundations of Pharmacology / NU Galen Exam 1 Study Guide 2026/2027 Q&A Guide with Rationale
150
Q1
Drugs that increase water excretion are called?
CORRECT ANSWER
Diuretics
RATIONALE
• Diuretics increase urine output by affecting kidney function.
• Common uses: hypertension, heart failure, edema, renal disease.
• Classes: loop, thiazide, potassium‑sparing, osmotic.
Q2
What diuretic works in the loop of Henle and causes Na+, water, and K+ to leave the urine?
CORRECT ANSWER
Loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide)
RATIONALE
• Most potent diuretics; cause significant potassium wasting.
• Monitor for hypokalemia, ototoxicity, dehydration.
• Contraindicated in sulfa allergy (furosemide is sulfonamide derivative).
, Q3
What diuretic works in the distal convoluted tubule and causes Na+, water, and K+ to leave the urine?
CORRECT ANSWER
Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone)
RATIONALE
• Also called calcium‑sparing diuretics (increase calcium reabsorption).
• Cause hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia.
• Less potent than loop diuretics.
Q4
What type of diuretic works in the distal loop of the nephron and causes Na+ & water to leave the urine,
but K+ stays?
CORRECT ANSWER
Potassium‑sparing diuretics (spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene, amiloride)
RATIONALE
• Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist.
• Risk of hyperkalemia; avoid potassium supplements and potassium‑rich foods.
• May cause gynecomastia (spironolactone).
Q5
What kind of diuretic is furosemide?
CORRECT ANSWER
Loop diuretic (potassium wasting)
RATIONALE
• Trade names: Lasix.
• Onset: IV (5 min), PO (30‑60 min).
• Monitor urine output, BP, electrolytes.
Medications, Insulin Therapy & Pharmacokinetics | Q&A Grade A
Complete Review: Loop/Thiazide/Potassium‑Sparing Diuretics, Insulin Types & Mixing, Oral Antidiabetics, A1C, Drug
Interactions, Injection Techniques
SUBJECT SOURCE FORMAT
Foundations of Pharmacology / NU Galen Exam 1 Study Guide 2026/2027 Q&A Guide with Rationale
150
Q1
Drugs that increase water excretion are called?
CORRECT ANSWER
Diuretics
RATIONALE
• Diuretics increase urine output by affecting kidney function.
• Common uses: hypertension, heart failure, edema, renal disease.
• Classes: loop, thiazide, potassium‑sparing, osmotic.
Q2
What diuretic works in the loop of Henle and causes Na+, water, and K+ to leave the urine?
CORRECT ANSWER
Loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide)
RATIONALE
• Most potent diuretics; cause significant potassium wasting.
• Monitor for hypokalemia, ototoxicity, dehydration.
• Contraindicated in sulfa allergy (furosemide is sulfonamide derivative).
, Q3
What diuretic works in the distal convoluted tubule and causes Na+, water, and K+ to leave the urine?
CORRECT ANSWER
Thiazide diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone)
RATIONALE
• Also called calcium‑sparing diuretics (increase calcium reabsorption).
• Cause hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia.
• Less potent than loop diuretics.
Q4
What type of diuretic works in the distal loop of the nephron and causes Na+ & water to leave the urine,
but K+ stays?
CORRECT ANSWER
Potassium‑sparing diuretics (spironolactone, eplerenone, triamterene, amiloride)
RATIONALE
• Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist.
• Risk of hyperkalemia; avoid potassium supplements and potassium‑rich foods.
• May cause gynecomastia (spironolactone).
Q5
What kind of diuretic is furosemide?
CORRECT ANSWER
Loop diuretic (potassium wasting)
RATIONALE
• Trade names: Lasix.
• Onset: IV (5 min), PO (30‑60 min).
• Monitor urine output, BP, electrolytes.
