TEST BANK – COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
IN CANADA 4TH EDITION (MACDONALD,
2022) | COMPLETE CHAPTERS 1–18 EXAM
QUESTIONS, VERIFIED ANSWERS &
DETAILED RATIONALES | 2026 UPDATED
• This test bank covers Community Health Nursing in Canada, 4th Edition by
MacDonald (2022), spanning Chapters 1–18 with verified exam-style questions,
correct answers, and detailed EXPERT RATIONALE.
• Use this material for active recall practice — attempt each question before
checking the answer and EXPERT RATIONALE to maximize retention and exam
readiness.
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IN CANADA – 4TH EDITION (MacDonald, 2022)
COMPLETE TEST BANK | CHAPTERS 1–18 | QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 1 – ORIGINS AND FOUNDATIONS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
1. What is the primary focus of community health nursing?
A. Treating acute illness in hospital settings
B. Managing chronic disease in long-term care facilities
C. Promoting and preserving the health of populations and communities
D. Administering medications in outpatient clinics
E. Providing palliative care to terminally ill patients
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Promoting and preserving the health of populations
and communities
EXPERT RATIONALE: Community health nursing focuses on promoting,
protecting, and preserving the health of entire populations and communities rather
,than individual patients in acute care settings. This is the foundational principle of
the specialty.
2. Which historical figure is most closely associated with the founding of
modern public health nursing?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Lillian Wald
C. Virginia Henderson
D. Dorothy Orem
E. Clara Barton
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Lillian Wald
EXPERT RATIONALE: Lillian Wald is credited with founding public health nursing
after establishing the Henry Street Settlement in New York in 1893. She pioneered
community-based nursing care for underserved urban populations.
3. The Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) was established in Canada in which
year?
A. 1867
B. 1897
C. 1910
D. 1925
E. 1945
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 1897
EXPERT RATIONALE: The Victorian Order of Nurses was founded in 1897 in
Canada to provide home-based nursing care, particularly in rural and remote areas.
It played a critical role in the development of community health nursing in Canada.
,4. Which document is considered a landmark in Canadian public health
policy?
A. The Flexner Report
B. The Lalonde Report
C. The Beveridge Report
D. The Dawson Report
E. The Acheson Report
CORRECT ANSWER: B. The Lalonde Report
EXPERT RATIONALE: The Lalonde Report (1974), "A New Perspective on the
Health of Canadians," was groundbreaking in recognizing that health is influenced
by lifestyle, environment, human biology, and healthcare organization — not just
medical care.
5. What is the term used to describe the range of personal, social, economic,
and environmental factors that influence health?
A. Health determinants
B. Social determinants of health
C. Health indicators
D. Health outcomes
E. Epidemiological factors
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Social determinants of health
EXPERT RATIONALE: Social determinants of health are the conditions in which
people are born, grow, live, work, and age. They include income, education,
employment, social support, and physical environment, all of which profoundly
affect health outcomes.
, 6. Which of the following best describes the concept of primary health care as
defined by the Alma-Ata Declaration (1978)?
A. Specialized hospital-based care for complex conditions
B. Preventive care provided only to children and mothers
C. Essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families
D. Care delivered exclusively by physicians in urban settings
E. Emergency health services available 24 hours a day
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Essential health care made universally accessible to
individuals and families
EXPERT RATIONALE: The Alma-Ata Declaration defined primary health care as
essential, accessible, acceptable, and affordable care that communities and
individuals can access through their full participation. It emphasized equity,
community involvement, and intersectoral action.
7. Which of the following is NOT one of the core principles of primary health
care?
A. Accessibility
B. Public participation
C. Specialization
D. Appropriate technology
E. Intersectoral collaboration
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Specialization
EXPERT RATIONALE: The core principles of primary health care include
accessibility, public participation, health promotion, appropriate technology, and
intersectoral collaboration. Specialization is associated with tertiary care, not
primary health care.
IN CANADA 4TH EDITION (MACDONALD,
2022) | COMPLETE CHAPTERS 1–18 EXAM
QUESTIONS, VERIFIED ANSWERS &
DETAILED RATIONALES | 2026 UPDATED
• This test bank covers Community Health Nursing in Canada, 4th Edition by
MacDonald (2022), spanning Chapters 1–18 with verified exam-style questions,
correct answers, and detailed EXPERT RATIONALE.
• Use this material for active recall practice — attempt each question before
checking the answer and EXPERT RATIONALE to maximize retention and exam
readiness.
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING IN CANADA – 4TH EDITION (MacDonald, 2022)
COMPLETE TEST BANK | CHAPTERS 1–18 | QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 1 – ORIGINS AND FOUNDATIONS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
1. What is the primary focus of community health nursing?
A. Treating acute illness in hospital settings
B. Managing chronic disease in long-term care facilities
C. Promoting and preserving the health of populations and communities
D. Administering medications in outpatient clinics
E. Providing palliative care to terminally ill patients
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Promoting and preserving the health of populations
and communities
EXPERT RATIONALE: Community health nursing focuses on promoting,
protecting, and preserving the health of entire populations and communities rather
,than individual patients in acute care settings. This is the foundational principle of
the specialty.
2. Which historical figure is most closely associated with the founding of
modern public health nursing?
A. Florence Nightingale
B. Lillian Wald
C. Virginia Henderson
D. Dorothy Orem
E. Clara Barton
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Lillian Wald
EXPERT RATIONALE: Lillian Wald is credited with founding public health nursing
after establishing the Henry Street Settlement in New York in 1893. She pioneered
community-based nursing care for underserved urban populations.
3. The Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) was established in Canada in which
year?
A. 1867
B. 1897
C. 1910
D. 1925
E. 1945
CORRECT ANSWER: B. 1897
EXPERT RATIONALE: The Victorian Order of Nurses was founded in 1897 in
Canada to provide home-based nursing care, particularly in rural and remote areas.
It played a critical role in the development of community health nursing in Canada.
,4. Which document is considered a landmark in Canadian public health
policy?
A. The Flexner Report
B. The Lalonde Report
C. The Beveridge Report
D. The Dawson Report
E. The Acheson Report
CORRECT ANSWER: B. The Lalonde Report
EXPERT RATIONALE: The Lalonde Report (1974), "A New Perspective on the
Health of Canadians," was groundbreaking in recognizing that health is influenced
by lifestyle, environment, human biology, and healthcare organization — not just
medical care.
5. What is the term used to describe the range of personal, social, economic,
and environmental factors that influence health?
A. Health determinants
B. Social determinants of health
C. Health indicators
D. Health outcomes
E. Epidemiological factors
CORRECT ANSWER: B. Social determinants of health
EXPERT RATIONALE: Social determinants of health are the conditions in which
people are born, grow, live, work, and age. They include income, education,
employment, social support, and physical environment, all of which profoundly
affect health outcomes.
, 6. Which of the following best describes the concept of primary health care as
defined by the Alma-Ata Declaration (1978)?
A. Specialized hospital-based care for complex conditions
B. Preventive care provided only to children and mothers
C. Essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families
D. Care delivered exclusively by physicians in urban settings
E. Emergency health services available 24 hours a day
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Essential health care made universally accessible to
individuals and families
EXPERT RATIONALE: The Alma-Ata Declaration defined primary health care as
essential, accessible, acceptable, and affordable care that communities and
individuals can access through their full participation. It emphasized equity,
community involvement, and intersectoral action.
7. Which of the following is NOT one of the core principles of primary health
care?
A. Accessibility
B. Public participation
C. Specialization
D. Appropriate technology
E. Intersectoral collaboration
CORRECT ANSWER: C. Specialization
EXPERT RATIONALE: The core principles of primary health care include
accessibility, public participation, health promotion, appropriate technology, and
intersectoral collaboration. Specialization is associated with tertiary care, not
primary health care.
