CSD 372 Final Exam – comprehensive study guide and exam preparation
material
main function of auricle/pinna is to ______ - ✔✔capture/direct/funnel sound into EAC
cerumen/earwax is produced in ______ - ✔✔lateral 1/3 portion of the EAC
tympanic membrane is comprised of _____ - ✔✔3 layers
the concha is ______ - ✔✔middle-most, bowl shaped portion of pinna, opens into EAC
auricle/pinna is most efficient at funneling _______ frequencies to the ______ _______ -
✔✔mid-high; tympanic membrane
resonant frequency of avg adult EAC is within range of ________ - ✔✔2500-3500 Hz
point of maximum retraction of tympanic membrane is ______ - ✔✔the umbo
largest surface area of TM - ✔✔pars tensa
pars flaccida portion of tympanic membrane= also known as _______ - ✔✔shrapnell's
membrane
TM is held in position at end of ______ by a ring of tissue called _______ - ✔✔EAC; tympanic
annulus
,ME muscle ________ contracts to reduce amplitude of vibration of a sound & innervated by the
facial nerve - ✔✔stapedius
space in the ME cavity above the TM - ✔✔epitympanic recess
1 purpose of E-tube is to match pressure of ME to the pressure of the - ✔✔EAC
3 middle bones that make up the _______ chain are: - ✔✔ossicular; malleus, incus, stapes
ME impedance matcher allows for gain of ~ ________dB due to area difference b/w
__________ - ✔✔25; TM and OW
facial nerve = cranial nerve _______ - ✔✔7
stapes sits in the ____, which is the connection/boundary b/w _______ - ✔✔OW; middle &
inner ears
innervation of tensor tympani muscle is from _______ - ✔✔trigeminal (5th) cranial nerve
tips of OHC are embedded in _____ - ✔✔tectorial membrane
fluid that surrounds the membranous labyrinth - ✔✔perilymph
stria vascularis is located in _______ and functions to _______ - ✔✔SM; provide
nutrients/oxygen to SM, produce endolymph
frequency response pattern of sensory cells in cochlea goes from ____ frequencies at basal end
to _________ frequencies at apical end - ✔✔high; low
,central core around which cochlea winds - ✔✔modiolus
small opening allowing passage of perilymph from SV to ST - ✔✔helicotrema
first central system "way station" responsible for localization of sound - ✔✔SOC
crossover points uniting symmetrical portions of the 2 halves of the brain - ✔✔decussations
first anatomical site w/in central auditory system where crossover is thought to occur -
✔✔cochlear nucleus
last subcortical relay station for auditory impulses - ✔✔medial geniculate body
auditory info is sent from the ear to the brain through the _____ - ✔✔afferent auditory
pathway
difference b/w IHC and OHC - ✔✔-IHC can only get excited/unexcited
-OHC actually change shape when excited/inhibatory, elongate/contract, unlike IHC
peripheral auditory system components - ✔✔-outer ear
-middle ear
-inner ear
-VIII cranial nerve
outer ear components - ✔✔-auricle/pinna
-external auditory meatus/canal
, pinna/auricle - ✔✔-outermost part of auditory system
-composed of soft tissue/ cartilage
-forms a cup around entrance to EAC
major landmarks of the pinna/auricle - ✔✔-helix
-antihelix
-tragus
-antitragus
-concha
-lobule/earlobe
external auditory meatus & canal - ✔✔-opening w/in squamous portion of temporal bone
-part of tympanic portion also forms a section of EAC
-oval shaped opening (5-9 mm in diameter)
-25-35mm in length, "outer ear canal"
-S-shaped course leading to TM
-lined w/ thin skin which is continuous with skin of concha
lateral 1/3 of the external auditory meatus/canal is _____ and contains _____ -
✔✔cartilaginous; hair follicles, sebaceous/ceruminous glands
_____ 2/3 of the external auditory meatus/canal is _____ - ✔✔medial/inner most; osseous
(no hair/glands)
outer ear mode of operation - ✔✔air vibration, transmission
material
main function of auricle/pinna is to ______ - ✔✔capture/direct/funnel sound into EAC
cerumen/earwax is produced in ______ - ✔✔lateral 1/3 portion of the EAC
tympanic membrane is comprised of _____ - ✔✔3 layers
the concha is ______ - ✔✔middle-most, bowl shaped portion of pinna, opens into EAC
auricle/pinna is most efficient at funneling _______ frequencies to the ______ _______ -
✔✔mid-high; tympanic membrane
resonant frequency of avg adult EAC is within range of ________ - ✔✔2500-3500 Hz
point of maximum retraction of tympanic membrane is ______ - ✔✔the umbo
largest surface area of TM - ✔✔pars tensa
pars flaccida portion of tympanic membrane= also known as _______ - ✔✔shrapnell's
membrane
TM is held in position at end of ______ by a ring of tissue called _______ - ✔✔EAC; tympanic
annulus
,ME muscle ________ contracts to reduce amplitude of vibration of a sound & innervated by the
facial nerve - ✔✔stapedius
space in the ME cavity above the TM - ✔✔epitympanic recess
1 purpose of E-tube is to match pressure of ME to the pressure of the - ✔✔EAC
3 middle bones that make up the _______ chain are: - ✔✔ossicular; malleus, incus, stapes
ME impedance matcher allows for gain of ~ ________dB due to area difference b/w
__________ - ✔✔25; TM and OW
facial nerve = cranial nerve _______ - ✔✔7
stapes sits in the ____, which is the connection/boundary b/w _______ - ✔✔OW; middle &
inner ears
innervation of tensor tympani muscle is from _______ - ✔✔trigeminal (5th) cranial nerve
tips of OHC are embedded in _____ - ✔✔tectorial membrane
fluid that surrounds the membranous labyrinth - ✔✔perilymph
stria vascularis is located in _______ and functions to _______ - ✔✔SM; provide
nutrients/oxygen to SM, produce endolymph
frequency response pattern of sensory cells in cochlea goes from ____ frequencies at basal end
to _________ frequencies at apical end - ✔✔high; low
,central core around which cochlea winds - ✔✔modiolus
small opening allowing passage of perilymph from SV to ST - ✔✔helicotrema
first central system "way station" responsible for localization of sound - ✔✔SOC
crossover points uniting symmetrical portions of the 2 halves of the brain - ✔✔decussations
first anatomical site w/in central auditory system where crossover is thought to occur -
✔✔cochlear nucleus
last subcortical relay station for auditory impulses - ✔✔medial geniculate body
auditory info is sent from the ear to the brain through the _____ - ✔✔afferent auditory
pathway
difference b/w IHC and OHC - ✔✔-IHC can only get excited/unexcited
-OHC actually change shape when excited/inhibatory, elongate/contract, unlike IHC
peripheral auditory system components - ✔✔-outer ear
-middle ear
-inner ear
-VIII cranial nerve
outer ear components - ✔✔-auricle/pinna
-external auditory meatus/canal
, pinna/auricle - ✔✔-outermost part of auditory system
-composed of soft tissue/ cartilage
-forms a cup around entrance to EAC
major landmarks of the pinna/auricle - ✔✔-helix
-antihelix
-tragus
-antitragus
-concha
-lobule/earlobe
external auditory meatus & canal - ✔✔-opening w/in squamous portion of temporal bone
-part of tympanic portion also forms a section of EAC
-oval shaped opening (5-9 mm in diameter)
-25-35mm in length, "outer ear canal"
-S-shaped course leading to TM
-lined w/ thin skin which is continuous with skin of concha
lateral 1/3 of the external auditory meatus/canal is _____ and contains _____ -
✔✔cartilaginous; hair follicles, sebaceous/ceruminous glands
_____ 2/3 of the external auditory meatus/canal is _____ - ✔✔medial/inner most; osseous
(no hair/glands)
outer ear mode of operation - ✔✔air vibration, transmission
