CSD 209 Final Exam – comprehensive study guide and exam preparation
material
voice onset time - correct answer ✔✔the time between the release of the occlusion and the
onset of voicing
negative VOT - correct answer ✔✔voicing starts before the release, not common in English
zero VOT - correct answer ✔✔voicing starts shortly after the release of the occlusion (short lag),
voicing and the release occur at the same time
positive VOT - correct answer ✔✔voicing occurs after the release
fricatives - correct answer ✔✔produced when pressurized air becomes turbulent, resulting in
random variations in air pressure (f, v, s, z, th, shuh, juh)
frication - correct answer ✔✔acoustic result of turbulent flow, aperiodic noise, sounds like
hissing
stridents/sibilants - correct answer ✔✔s, z, shuh, juh, have more intense energy, longer in
duration
affricates - correct answer ✔✔made quickly by combining a stop with a fricative, have silent gap
associated with the stop part of the sound, looks shorter than fricatives on spectrogram
intonation - correct answer ✔✔F0 will rise for a statement, fall for a question
, stress - correct answer ✔✔stressed syllables have higher F0 and/or duration and/or amplitude
than unstressed syllables
duration - correct answer ✔✔last word in a phrase or sentence tends to be longer than it would
be in other positions in a sentence, phrase final lengthening- the last syllable in a major
syntactic phrase or clause is lengthened
Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation - correct answer ✔✔describes voice production
as an interaction between muscle force (myo), tissue elasticity (elastic), and air pressure and
flows, onset of vibration (aerodynamic)
Bernoulli principle - correct answer ✔✔air passing through a narrow channel increases in
velocity and decreases in pressure
vertical phase difference - correct answer ✔✔slight time lag between the opening and closing
of the inferior and superior portions of the vocal folds
longitudinal phase difference - correct answer ✔✔vocal folds close in an anterior to posterior
direction, so there is a lag in closure
phonation threshold pressure - correct answer ✔✔the minimum amount of Ps needed to set
the vocal folds into vibration
glottal spectrum - correct answer ✔✔spectrum of the human voice, corresponds to the source
function in source-filter theory
harmonic spacing - correct answer ✔✔the distance between the harmonic frequencies in a
complex sound, changes when F0 changes
material
voice onset time - correct answer ✔✔the time between the release of the occlusion and the
onset of voicing
negative VOT - correct answer ✔✔voicing starts before the release, not common in English
zero VOT - correct answer ✔✔voicing starts shortly after the release of the occlusion (short lag),
voicing and the release occur at the same time
positive VOT - correct answer ✔✔voicing occurs after the release
fricatives - correct answer ✔✔produced when pressurized air becomes turbulent, resulting in
random variations in air pressure (f, v, s, z, th, shuh, juh)
frication - correct answer ✔✔acoustic result of turbulent flow, aperiodic noise, sounds like
hissing
stridents/sibilants - correct answer ✔✔s, z, shuh, juh, have more intense energy, longer in
duration
affricates - correct answer ✔✔made quickly by combining a stop with a fricative, have silent gap
associated with the stop part of the sound, looks shorter than fricatives on spectrogram
intonation - correct answer ✔✔F0 will rise for a statement, fall for a question
, stress - correct answer ✔✔stressed syllables have higher F0 and/or duration and/or amplitude
than unstressed syllables
duration - correct answer ✔✔last word in a phrase or sentence tends to be longer than it would
be in other positions in a sentence, phrase final lengthening- the last syllable in a major
syntactic phrase or clause is lengthened
Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory of Phonation - correct answer ✔✔describes voice production
as an interaction between muscle force (myo), tissue elasticity (elastic), and air pressure and
flows, onset of vibration (aerodynamic)
Bernoulli principle - correct answer ✔✔air passing through a narrow channel increases in
velocity and decreases in pressure
vertical phase difference - correct answer ✔✔slight time lag between the opening and closing
of the inferior and superior portions of the vocal folds
longitudinal phase difference - correct answer ✔✔vocal folds close in an anterior to posterior
direction, so there is a lag in closure
phonation threshold pressure - correct answer ✔✔the minimum amount of Ps needed to set
the vocal folds into vibration
glottal spectrum - correct answer ✔✔spectrum of the human voice, corresponds to the source
function in source-filter theory
harmonic spacing - correct answer ✔✔the distance between the harmonic frequencies in a
complex sound, changes when F0 changes
