Lec 6 : Cardiovascular
Heart
Anatomy
located in the thoracic
carity (mediastinum :
space blu the lungs)
·
a pex pointed tip
extends to the left side of the Chest
↳ level
5th intercostal space
of
base , where large blood vessels connect) is near the 24 rib
size of a clenched first
·
The 4 Chambers
* heart is a double w/ 2 af
pump separate pumps
right side : pumps deoxygenated blood from body >
-
lungs
↳
pulmonary circulation
left side : pumps oxygenated blood from
lang-body
·
circulation
↳
systemic
left atrium : thin-walled chamber that receives
oxygen-rich :blood from lungs
right atrium thin-walled chamber that receives
blood from
deoxygenated body's veins
left ventricle muscularchamber responsible for
·
:
blood out of heart into aorta
pumpingventride receives deoxygenated blood primps
right
:
for
it out to lungs oxygenation
septum : muscular wall
dividing heart intoI sides
crucial to maintain
↳
Separation is propen
circulatin
↳
prevents oxygenated/deoxygenated blood Rom
mixing
, The 4 Heart values
of blood within the heart
maintain
one-way flow
·
FunctioMassivelybyrespondingtopsa
↳
aortic value : located blu left ventrate located blu Land
and heart's main channes , and IV , are
pumping way gate
to
ing
te aorta
(largest antery) prevents , preven backflow
backflow and is a semilunar value LA
, 2 leaflets /cuses
chas cuses in crescent
1/
a
shapel
chordae
tordineae :
pulmonary
value located
: fimerts
PlW RV + ands that
pulmonay attein hearts
antery , is a Ar value
one-way gale
20
papillary
to prevent → muscles an
backflowso walks of
~
&V , semilung ventricles ,
l
vala (Bicrispid) prevent AV
[maon-sprapess
cusps
values from
prolapsing
Located by
↓ cflip
auring
rentriculay
back )
RA + &V ,
act
one-way gate
as a o contractions and hold
prevent backfew into RA, it the An in place
has 3 cusps/lease
papillary muscles core-shaped muscles in the walls of
:
small ,
heart ventricles to
, they all on chordat tendine
Keep value closed to
prevent backward
prolapse £
Flow of blood
, semilanar values : Crescent-moon
shaped and
·
located blo ventries + large arteries that
carry blood from the heart
away
L7 aortra
↳ consist
pulmonary
of 3
valie
made of fibrous
rusps
ventricular walls
ㅏ
tissue, attached to
* valuesreact to changes in ↑
pressure , pressure
opens the valueA
1 values are embedded inthe cardiacSkeleton : a
Bamenerk of connective tissue to provide structural
, stability
support , and prevents excessive dilation
The Pericanism : double layered say that
surrounds "
heart
protects the
·
fibrous pericardium : Outer layer , tough +archers
the heart place
in to limit expansion
serons pericardium : inner ol
layer parieral
and visceral layer
↳
pericardial carity separates thelayers
Filled u/ fluid to ↓ friction
pericardial
Heart wall
·
Epicardium : outermost visceral layer of sevens
pericardium contains
coronary blood
" vessels
myocardium thick, 'mersllarmiade tayer
;
eart
far scoutactnefrectrce
responsible
endocardium smoot , innermost layer that
:
lines the heart's clambes
> continuous wh endothelium of blood vessels
smooth
to ensure living fr blood flow
十
, Cardiomyocytes short
wr interculated dises
:
,
branched , and stricted cells
rich in
glycogen
↳
rely exclusively on aerobic metabolism that
require constantO 2 supply
Role of intercalated discs :
specialized junctions
composition : desmosures :
ancholing junctions that
Pasien the cells
firmly together to
prevent tearing apart
Gap junctions protein-rich
: channels that
create cytoplasmic connections blu
neighboring cells
↳ allow im movement to help
generate electrical signals
as heart muscle functions as a functical syncytium :
individual cells behove as a
single coordinated
,
unit and not isolated cellsa
Cardiac MuscleAction Potential
initia plateau phase : cat channels
repolarization iremsient 12 +
, open to
channels open to allow to flow out let ios in ,
keeps mp stable
causing slight
repolarization
고 ↓ repolarization : car channels
close+ KT remain
rapid depolarization to
allow Natis from ー
apei ,
t flows out to
extraverlulow space,
repolarize me
reversing membrane members
(neg pot)
고
↓
potential
resting membrace
resting membrane potential NatkT Atpase
:
potectial n-gour, ㆀ help remove nations and
inside in outside Kt in
mey compared to
bring to resture
Heart
Anatomy
located in the thoracic
carity (mediastinum :
space blu the lungs)
·
a pex pointed tip
extends to the left side of the Chest
↳ level
5th intercostal space
of
base , where large blood vessels connect) is near the 24 rib
size of a clenched first
·
The 4 Chambers
* heart is a double w/ 2 af
pump separate pumps
right side : pumps deoxygenated blood from body >
-
lungs
↳
pulmonary circulation
left side : pumps oxygenated blood from
lang-body
·
circulation
↳
systemic
left atrium : thin-walled chamber that receives
oxygen-rich :blood from lungs
right atrium thin-walled chamber that receives
blood from
deoxygenated body's veins
left ventricle muscularchamber responsible for
·
:
blood out of heart into aorta
pumpingventride receives deoxygenated blood primps
right
:
for
it out to lungs oxygenation
septum : muscular wall
dividing heart intoI sides
crucial to maintain
↳
Separation is propen
circulatin
↳
prevents oxygenated/deoxygenated blood Rom
mixing
, The 4 Heart values
of blood within the heart
maintain
one-way flow
·
FunctioMassivelybyrespondingtopsa
↳
aortic value : located blu left ventrate located blu Land
and heart's main channes , and IV , are
pumping way gate
to
ing
te aorta
(largest antery) prevents , preven backflow
backflow and is a semilunar value LA
, 2 leaflets /cuses
chas cuses in crescent
1/
a
shapel
chordae
tordineae :
pulmonary
value located
: fimerts
PlW RV + ands that
pulmonay attein hearts
antery , is a Ar value
one-way gale
20
papillary
to prevent → muscles an
backflowso walks of
~
&V , semilung ventricles ,
l
vala (Bicrispid) prevent AV
[maon-sprapess
cusps
values from
prolapsing
Located by
↓ cflip
auring
rentriculay
back )
RA + &V ,
act
one-way gate
as a o contractions and hold
prevent backfew into RA, it the An in place
has 3 cusps/lease
papillary muscles core-shaped muscles in the walls of
:
small ,
heart ventricles to
, they all on chordat tendine
Keep value closed to
prevent backward
prolapse £
Flow of blood
, semilanar values : Crescent-moon
shaped and
·
located blo ventries + large arteries that
carry blood from the heart
away
L7 aortra
↳ consist
pulmonary
of 3
valie
made of fibrous
rusps
ventricular walls
ㅏ
tissue, attached to
* valuesreact to changes in ↑
pressure , pressure
opens the valueA
1 values are embedded inthe cardiacSkeleton : a
Bamenerk of connective tissue to provide structural
, stability
support , and prevents excessive dilation
The Pericanism : double layered say that
surrounds "
heart
protects the
·
fibrous pericardium : Outer layer , tough +archers
the heart place
in to limit expansion
serons pericardium : inner ol
layer parieral
and visceral layer
↳
pericardial carity separates thelayers
Filled u/ fluid to ↓ friction
pericardial
Heart wall
·
Epicardium : outermost visceral layer of sevens
pericardium contains
coronary blood
" vessels
myocardium thick, 'mersllarmiade tayer
;
eart
far scoutactnefrectrce
responsible
endocardium smoot , innermost layer that
:
lines the heart's clambes
> continuous wh endothelium of blood vessels
smooth
to ensure living fr blood flow
十
, Cardiomyocytes short
wr interculated dises
:
,
branched , and stricted cells
rich in
glycogen
↳
rely exclusively on aerobic metabolism that
require constantO 2 supply
Role of intercalated discs :
specialized junctions
composition : desmosures :
ancholing junctions that
Pasien the cells
firmly together to
prevent tearing apart
Gap junctions protein-rich
: channels that
create cytoplasmic connections blu
neighboring cells
↳ allow im movement to help
generate electrical signals
as heart muscle functions as a functical syncytium :
individual cells behove as a
single coordinated
,
unit and not isolated cellsa
Cardiac MuscleAction Potential
initia plateau phase : cat channels
repolarization iremsient 12 +
, open to
channels open to allow to flow out let ios in ,
keeps mp stable
causing slight
repolarization
고 ↓ repolarization : car channels
close+ KT remain
rapid depolarization to
allow Natis from ー
apei ,
t flows out to
extraverlulow space,
repolarize me
reversing membrane members
(neg pot)
고
↓
potential
resting membrace
resting membrane potential NatkT Atpase
:
potectial n-gour, ㆀ help remove nations and
inside in outside Kt in
mey compared to
bring to resture
