Lec 17 : Lymphatic System +
Immunity
Lymphatic system + functions
Essential part of
·
body that supportsfaid balance and immune
defense
↳ consists of
lymphatic vessels , lymph modes , and lymph : Raid
transported within the system
maintains tissue fluid balance as symphatic capillaries recover
excess interstitial quid/macrocholecules from tissue to create
lymph
↳
eventually returned to blood stream
prevents edema accumulation Par's intissue
↳ : of
absation transport of dietary Fab : small intestine lacteals in vili
+
absory chilomicious into chyle to enler blood fr metabolism/storage
system facilitation lymphatic capillants are endry prints
immune : for
macrophages , cendritic cells , and lymphocytes
bransport modes where
>
lymph pathogens antigens and
-
, ,
Freign particles are filtered +
presented
wable removal :
detox interstitial fluid to remove debris , toxins, pathogens,
and excess fluid
↳ filtration codes
in
Lymph
↳ disposal via
Kidney + lives
Lymph Formation
1 .
Movement of plasing into Interstitial Fluid : arterial pressure facers
· stration of plasma from > interstial fluid
cap
-
.
Y bakne blo hydrostatic + accotic pressure
.
2 Reabsorption of Fulerstitial fluid :
most If isfake back into blood at
venous end where oncotic pressure dominates
↳ 0% relaws in tissue spaces - is absorbed by Lymphatic capiracies
.
3 for
Entry lymphatic Capillaries fluid travels
:
into >
-
Lymph modes
fittration
A
Average adult produces 3.4 of lymph for day
,·
lymphatic capillances are more
penneably and do not have
a busement membrare
Path of Lymph circulation
One-way transport netwak from tissue back to bloodstream
·
1. Initiation in
Lymphatic Capillaries
:
tiny , blind-ended vessels in interstitial
space
that collect excess IF
(lymph) protems innume cells
, ,
, and pathogens/debris
2 .
Transport through collecting vessels capillaries converge
: to form larger
collecting vessels to transport lymph to the codes
↳ vessels contain values to ensure unidirectional for
one-way
towards the heart surrounded by smooth muscle cells that
,
contract mynically to proper lymph Permana
/lymphangic
contraction)
.
3 Filtration in lymphmodes
: small, bean-shaped structures located along
the path of collecting vessels
↳ immure cells screen lyoph
Propathogens Foreign particles,
,
or abnormal cells
↳
immune responses are initiated
↳ lymph is recieved thm afferent vessels and released turn
efferent vessels
4
. Fornation of vessels multiple
Lymphatic trunks : efferent
exiting
nodes converse to form larger lymphatic truks that drain lymph
Bal
specifis body regions
:
品juqulur neckupper
t
subdavianhead
:
tiuuns
↳ Brnchomediastinal : turracic cariny
↳ Lumbar : lower limbs +
peluis
↳ intestinal :
digestive organs
.
5
Delivery via
Major Lymphatic Ducts :
converge multiple trunks
into two
primary ducks to deliver
lymph to blood
1 .
Right Doct : drains Ben right headneck/arm/thordic,
emplying into the venous system at
the junctionof the
want internal jugular subcrian vein
veint right
, . Thoracic Duet :
2 drains from the rest of the body , begins at
a say-like structure ,
cistera chyli ,
in abdomen and ascends
、
turn the thereis carity
↳
ecupties intorenews
system at junction of the left
internal
jugular vein-lept subclavian vein
6
.
Reentry into Venous Circulation : both ducts
empty contents into the
bloodstream of week
at
respective parts
↳ ensures fluid balance + returns proteins/immure cells back
to circulation
systemic
Structural Features ar collecting Vessels -
Unidirectionality
values prevent backflow
:
,
semitunar and purmed by thin ,
flexible flaps
of endothelial cells
open we high pressure prevent backflow
↳ + close to
with help
↳
space blu 2 values is lymphangin propels lymph
,
forward
from smooth muscle contractions
Smooth muscle cells help w/ lymphatic vasomotion
:
to create pressure gradients
in vessels to
propel contents forward
lymph system depends intrinsic mechanism
pumping
↳ on the
10 Maintain flow
↳ aprected
by stretch/ presence of certain chemicals
, ↳ contractions are
sportees +
self-sustaining , so
they occur who
direct continue flow
input10 during rest
Zipper junctions :
provide a continuous , fight see
External Parces for
supporting Lymph
Skeletal muscle contraction :
compress vessels to push lymph
respiratory pump
:
pressure changes in thoracic cavity during breathing
create suction forces to draw
lymph toward durts upward
arterial pulsations :
pulsating blood can
compress lymphatic vessels and
assist in
propulsion
Components of Immune System
threat
innale system :
body's initial rapid response to
any percieved
↳ includes physical
non-specific ,
barriers , chemical defenses , and
cells
specialized immune
adaptive system :
slower, but
highly specific response to
pathogens
·
Cell
↳ has memory ,
either cell-mediated or humoral immunity JT/B
physical barriers , like skin , are 1s
attempt to threats
↳ and mucosal rayer
tough , impermeable shield, lines organs thatare cooled
u/ uucusto trap pathogens
Lindle system also includes chemical defense , like stomach acid ,
lysozymes ,
and antimicrobial
peptides
innate immune cells
Specialized
:
Must cells release histamine /
inflammatory triggers
:
·
Neutrophil/Macrophages phagocytes that engula - destroy pathogens
:
Natural killer cells target infected labnormal hostcells (cancerous) by
:
inducing apoptosis
cell medicited Immunity carried out by T-lymphocytes
:
↳ CD4 +
(Thelper) ,
CD8 + 1
cytonic]
Numeral immunity :
mediated
by B-lymphocytes
Immunity
Lymphatic system + functions
Essential part of
·
body that supportsfaid balance and immune
defense
↳ consists of
lymphatic vessels , lymph modes , and lymph : Raid
transported within the system
maintains tissue fluid balance as symphatic capillaries recover
excess interstitial quid/macrocholecules from tissue to create
lymph
↳
eventually returned to blood stream
prevents edema accumulation Par's intissue
↳ : of
absation transport of dietary Fab : small intestine lacteals in vili
+
absory chilomicious into chyle to enler blood fr metabolism/storage
system facilitation lymphatic capillants are endry prints
immune : for
macrophages , cendritic cells , and lymphocytes
bransport modes where
>
lymph pathogens antigens and
-
, ,
Freign particles are filtered +
presented
wable removal :
detox interstitial fluid to remove debris , toxins, pathogens,
and excess fluid
↳ filtration codes
in
Lymph
↳ disposal via
Kidney + lives
Lymph Formation
1 .
Movement of plasing into Interstitial Fluid : arterial pressure facers
· stration of plasma from > interstial fluid
cap
-
.
Y bakne blo hydrostatic + accotic pressure
.
2 Reabsorption of Fulerstitial fluid :
most If isfake back into blood at
venous end where oncotic pressure dominates
↳ 0% relaws in tissue spaces - is absorbed by Lymphatic capiracies
.
3 for
Entry lymphatic Capillaries fluid travels
:
into >
-
Lymph modes
fittration
A
Average adult produces 3.4 of lymph for day
,·
lymphatic capillances are more
penneably and do not have
a busement membrare
Path of Lymph circulation
One-way transport netwak from tissue back to bloodstream
·
1. Initiation in
Lymphatic Capillaries
:
tiny , blind-ended vessels in interstitial
space
that collect excess IF
(lymph) protems innume cells
, ,
, and pathogens/debris
2 .
Transport through collecting vessels capillaries converge
: to form larger
collecting vessels to transport lymph to the codes
↳ vessels contain values to ensure unidirectional for
one-way
towards the heart surrounded by smooth muscle cells that
,
contract mynically to proper lymph Permana
/lymphangic
contraction)
.
3 Filtration in lymphmodes
: small, bean-shaped structures located along
the path of collecting vessels
↳ immure cells screen lyoph
Propathogens Foreign particles,
,
or abnormal cells
↳
immune responses are initiated
↳ lymph is recieved thm afferent vessels and released turn
efferent vessels
4
. Fornation of vessels multiple
Lymphatic trunks : efferent
exiting
nodes converse to form larger lymphatic truks that drain lymph
Bal
specifis body regions
:
品juqulur neckupper
t
subdavianhead
:
tiuuns
↳ Brnchomediastinal : turracic cariny
↳ Lumbar : lower limbs +
peluis
↳ intestinal :
digestive organs
.
5
Delivery via
Major Lymphatic Ducts :
converge multiple trunks
into two
primary ducks to deliver
lymph to blood
1 .
Right Doct : drains Ben right headneck/arm/thordic,
emplying into the venous system at
the junctionof the
want internal jugular subcrian vein
veint right
, . Thoracic Duet :
2 drains from the rest of the body , begins at
a say-like structure ,
cistera chyli ,
in abdomen and ascends
、
turn the thereis carity
↳
ecupties intorenews
system at junction of the left
internal
jugular vein-lept subclavian vein
6
.
Reentry into Venous Circulation : both ducts
empty contents into the
bloodstream of week
at
respective parts
↳ ensures fluid balance + returns proteins/immure cells back
to circulation
systemic
Structural Features ar collecting Vessels -
Unidirectionality
values prevent backflow
:
,
semitunar and purmed by thin ,
flexible flaps
of endothelial cells
open we high pressure prevent backflow
↳ + close to
with help
↳
space blu 2 values is lymphangin propels lymph
,
forward
from smooth muscle contractions
Smooth muscle cells help w/ lymphatic vasomotion
:
to create pressure gradients
in vessels to
propel contents forward
lymph system depends intrinsic mechanism
pumping
↳ on the
10 Maintain flow
↳ aprected
by stretch/ presence of certain chemicals
, ↳ contractions are
sportees +
self-sustaining , so
they occur who
direct continue flow
input10 during rest
Zipper junctions :
provide a continuous , fight see
External Parces for
supporting Lymph
Skeletal muscle contraction :
compress vessels to push lymph
respiratory pump
:
pressure changes in thoracic cavity during breathing
create suction forces to draw
lymph toward durts upward
arterial pulsations :
pulsating blood can
compress lymphatic vessels and
assist in
propulsion
Components of Immune System
threat
innale system :
body's initial rapid response to
any percieved
↳ includes physical
non-specific ,
barriers , chemical defenses , and
cells
specialized immune
adaptive system :
slower, but
highly specific response to
pathogens
·
Cell
↳ has memory ,
either cell-mediated or humoral immunity JT/B
physical barriers , like skin , are 1s
attempt to threats
↳ and mucosal rayer
tough , impermeable shield, lines organs thatare cooled
u/ uucusto trap pathogens
Lindle system also includes chemical defense , like stomach acid ,
lysozymes ,
and antimicrobial
peptides
innate immune cells
Specialized
:
Must cells release histamine /
inflammatory triggers
:
·
Neutrophil/Macrophages phagocytes that engula - destroy pathogens
:
Natural killer cells target infected labnormal hostcells (cancerous) by
:
inducing apoptosis
cell medicited Immunity carried out by T-lymphocytes
:
↳ CD4 +
(Thelper) ,
CD8 + 1
cytonic]
Numeral immunity :
mediated
by B-lymphocytes
