NR 228 / NR228 Exam 1 NutRitioN HEaltH aNd WEllNEss
actual Exam 2026/2027 | complEtE Exam-stylE
QuEstioNs | 100% VERifiEd – dEtailEd RatioNalEs – pass
GuaRaNtEEd – a+ GRadEd
Section 1: Basic Nutrition Principles and Digestion (Questions 1 to 15)
**Question 1 of 30**
A 45-year-old male patient presents with steatorrhea (foul-smelling, greasy stools) and
significant weight loss despite adequate oral intake. The physician suspects a deficiency in the
pancreatic enzymes responsible for the chemical breakdown of dietary lipids. Which specific
enzyme is primarily responsible for digesting fats in the small intestine?
A. Amylase
B. Pepsin
C. Lipase ✓
D. Trypsin
**Correct Answer: C ✓**
Rationale: Lipase is the essential enzyme that breaks down dietary triglycerides into fatty acids
and glycerol. Its deficiency leads to fat malabsorption and steatorrhea. Amylase (A) targets
carbohydrates. Pepsin (B) and trypsin (D) target proteins, not fats.
---
**Question 2 of 30**
Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion?
A. Salivary amylase breaking down starch
B. Pepsin breaking down protein in the stomach
,C. Chewing (mastication) and churning of food in the stomach ✓
D. Lipase breaking down fat in the small intestine
**Correct Answer: C ✓**
Rationale: Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown of food without chemical change
(chewing, churning). Options A, B, and D are chemical digestion involving enzymes. Mechanical
digestion increases surface area for enzyme action.
---
**Question 3 of 30**
The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in which part of the gastrointestinal tract?
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine ✓
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
**Correct Answer: B ✓**
Rationale: The small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) is the primary site for absorption of
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The stomach (A) absorbs water, alcohol,
and some drugs. The large intestine (C) absorbs water and electrolytes.
---
**Question 4 of 30**
Which of the following is a function of the liver in relation to nutrition and metabolism?
A. Production of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
B. Storage of glycogen, synthesis of plasma proteins, and metabolism of nutrients ✓
C. Secretion of pancreatic enzymes
, D. Absorption of vitamin B12
**Correct Answer: B ✓**
Rationale: The liver stores glycogen, synthesizes plasma proteins (albumin, clotting factors),
and metabolizes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. HCl (A) is produced by the stomach.
Pancreatic enzymes (C) are secreted by the pancreas. Vitamin B12 absorption (D) occurs in the
ileum.
---
**Question 5 of 30**
The process by which the body converts food into energy and building blocks for tissues is
called:
A. Digestion
B. Metabolism ✓
C. Absorption
D. Elimination
**Correct Answer: B ✓**
Rationale: Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions (catabolism and anabolism) that
convert food into energy and building blocks. Digestion (A) is the breakdown of food. Absorption
(C) is the uptake of nutrients. Elimination (D) is removal of waste.
---
**Question 6 of 30**
Which of the following enzymes is secreted by the stomach and begins protein digestion?
A. Amylase
B. Pepsin ✓
C. Lipase
actual Exam 2026/2027 | complEtE Exam-stylE
QuEstioNs | 100% VERifiEd – dEtailEd RatioNalEs – pass
GuaRaNtEEd – a+ GRadEd
Section 1: Basic Nutrition Principles and Digestion (Questions 1 to 15)
**Question 1 of 30**
A 45-year-old male patient presents with steatorrhea (foul-smelling, greasy stools) and
significant weight loss despite adequate oral intake. The physician suspects a deficiency in the
pancreatic enzymes responsible for the chemical breakdown of dietary lipids. Which specific
enzyme is primarily responsible for digesting fats in the small intestine?
A. Amylase
B. Pepsin
C. Lipase ✓
D. Trypsin
**Correct Answer: C ✓**
Rationale: Lipase is the essential enzyme that breaks down dietary triglycerides into fatty acids
and glycerol. Its deficiency leads to fat malabsorption and steatorrhea. Amylase (A) targets
carbohydrates. Pepsin (B) and trypsin (D) target proteins, not fats.
---
**Question 2 of 30**
Which of the following is an example of mechanical digestion?
A. Salivary amylase breaking down starch
B. Pepsin breaking down protein in the stomach
,C. Chewing (mastication) and churning of food in the stomach ✓
D. Lipase breaking down fat in the small intestine
**Correct Answer: C ✓**
Rationale: Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown of food without chemical change
(chewing, churning). Options A, B, and D are chemical digestion involving enzymes. Mechanical
digestion increases surface area for enzyme action.
---
**Question 3 of 30**
The majority of nutrient absorption occurs in which part of the gastrointestinal tract?
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine ✓
C. Large intestine
D. Esophagus
**Correct Answer: B ✓**
Rationale: The small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) is the primary site for absorption of
carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The stomach (A) absorbs water, alcohol,
and some drugs. The large intestine (C) absorbs water and electrolytes.
---
**Question 4 of 30**
Which of the following is a function of the liver in relation to nutrition and metabolism?
A. Production of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
B. Storage of glycogen, synthesis of plasma proteins, and metabolism of nutrients ✓
C. Secretion of pancreatic enzymes
, D. Absorption of vitamin B12
**Correct Answer: B ✓**
Rationale: The liver stores glycogen, synthesizes plasma proteins (albumin, clotting factors),
and metabolizes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. HCl (A) is produced by the stomach.
Pancreatic enzymes (C) are secreted by the pancreas. Vitamin B12 absorption (D) occurs in the
ileum.
---
**Question 5 of 30**
The process by which the body converts food into energy and building blocks for tissues is
called:
A. Digestion
B. Metabolism ✓
C. Absorption
D. Elimination
**Correct Answer: B ✓**
Rationale: Metabolism encompasses all chemical reactions (catabolism and anabolism) that
convert food into energy and building blocks. Digestion (A) is the breakdown of food. Absorption
(C) is the uptake of nutrients. Elimination (D) is removal of waste.
---
**Question 6 of 30**
Which of the following enzymes is secreted by the stomach and begins protein digestion?
A. Amylase
B. Pepsin ✓
C. Lipase
