BIOS 255 / BIOS255 AnAtOmy And PhySIOlOgy III ActuAl ExAm 2026/2027 |
cOmPlEtE ExAm-StylE QuEStIOnS | 100% VErIfIEd – dEtAIlEd rAtIOnAlES –
PASS guArAntEEd – A+ grAdEd
Section 1: Cardiovascular System — Heart and Vessels (Questions 1 to 12)
**Question 1 of 25**
A 67-year-old patient arrives in the emergency department complaining of crushing chest pain
radiating to the left arm. The physician suspects myocardial ischemia affecting the anterior wall
of the left ventricle. The nurse understands that blood supply to this region is provided primarily
by which coronary vessel?
A. The right coronary artery, which typically supplies the right atrium and ventricle
B. The circumflex artery, which courses along the coronary sulcus to supply the left atrium and
posterior left ventricle
C. The left anterior descending artery, which descends along the anterior interventricular
sulcus to perfuse the anterior left ventricle and interventricular septum ✓
D. The posterior interventricular artery, which arises from the right coronary artery in most
individuals and supplies the posterior ventricular walls
**Correct Answer: C ✓**
Rationale: The left anterior descending (LAD) artery (also called the anterior interventricular
artery) supplies the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the anterior two-thirds of the
interventricular septum. Occlusion of the LAD causes anterior wall myocardial infarction. The
circumflex artery (B) supplies the lateral and posterior left ventricle. The right coronary artery
(A) supplies the right ventricle and inferior wall.
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, **Question 2 of 25**
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardium and is responsible for pumping blood
into the systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle ✓
**Correct Answer: D ✓**
Rationale: The left ventricle has the thickest myocardium because it must generate high
pressure to pump oxygenated blood through the systemic circulation (aorta) against high
resistance. The right ventricle (B) pumps to the lungs (low resistance). The atria (A, C) have thin
walls as they only pump blood to the adjacent ventricles.
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**Question 3 of 25**
The pulmonary valve (semilunar valve) prevents backflow of blood from the:
A. Aorta into the left ventricle
B. Pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle ✓
C. Left ventricle into the left atrium
D. Right ventricle into the right atrium
**Correct Answer: B ✓**
Rationale: The pulmonary valve (semilunar) is located between the right ventricle and the
pulmonary trunk. It prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle
during ventricular diastole. The aortic valve prevents backflow from the aorta into the left
ventricle (A). The AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) prevent backflow into the atria (C, D).
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cOmPlEtE ExAm-StylE QuEStIOnS | 100% VErIfIEd – dEtAIlEd rAtIOnAlES –
PASS guArAntEEd – A+ grAdEd
Section 1: Cardiovascular System — Heart and Vessels (Questions 1 to 12)
**Question 1 of 25**
A 67-year-old patient arrives in the emergency department complaining of crushing chest pain
radiating to the left arm. The physician suspects myocardial ischemia affecting the anterior wall
of the left ventricle. The nurse understands that blood supply to this region is provided primarily
by which coronary vessel?
A. The right coronary artery, which typically supplies the right atrium and ventricle
B. The circumflex artery, which courses along the coronary sulcus to supply the left atrium and
posterior left ventricle
C. The left anterior descending artery, which descends along the anterior interventricular
sulcus to perfuse the anterior left ventricle and interventricular septum ✓
D. The posterior interventricular artery, which arises from the right coronary artery in most
individuals and supplies the posterior ventricular walls
**Correct Answer: C ✓**
Rationale: The left anterior descending (LAD) artery (also called the anterior interventricular
artery) supplies the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the anterior two-thirds of the
interventricular septum. Occlusion of the LAD causes anterior wall myocardial infarction. The
circumflex artery (B) supplies the lateral and posterior left ventricle. The right coronary artery
(A) supplies the right ventricle and inferior wall.
---
, **Question 2 of 25**
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardium and is responsible for pumping blood
into the systemic circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle ✓
**Correct Answer: D ✓**
Rationale: The left ventricle has the thickest myocardium because it must generate high
pressure to pump oxygenated blood through the systemic circulation (aorta) against high
resistance. The right ventricle (B) pumps to the lungs (low resistance). The atria (A, C) have thin
walls as they only pump blood to the adjacent ventricles.
---
**Question 3 of 25**
The pulmonary valve (semilunar valve) prevents backflow of blood from the:
A. Aorta into the left ventricle
B. Pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle ✓
C. Left ventricle into the left atrium
D. Right ventricle into the right atrium
**Correct Answer: B ✓**
Rationale: The pulmonary valve (semilunar) is located between the right ventricle and the
pulmonary trunk. It prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the right ventricle
during ventricular diastole. The aortic valve prevents backflow from the aorta into the left
ventricle (A). The AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) prevent backflow into the atria (C, D).
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