Updates) Questions and Answers {Grade
A} 100% Correct (Verified Answers)
Gender concept development (3 stages) - correct answer Gender concept develops in
a predictable sequence of stages during childhood.
1. "gender identity," which is the ability to categorize self and others as male or female.
There is evidence that gender identity develops as early as 9 months or as late as 3
years, depending on how the researchers define it.
2. "Gender stability" - develops by 4 years of age, is an understanding that one's
gender does not change over time.
3. "Gender constancy," which is characterized by an understanding that gender stays
the same despite changes in appearance. Gender constancy is achieved by age 5 or 6.
psychologists' endorsement of materials - correct answer The ethical standards say
that psychologists cannot make false, deceptive, fraudulent, or misleading statements.
Unless the psychologist's endorsements were based on sound expertise and her
honest opinion of the publications in question, these standards would be violated.
,California Tarasoff Statute - correct answer gives clinicians explicit guidance about
when a duty to act arises and tells clinicians what actions fulfill their duty. The first
Tarasoff decision established a "duty to warn," however, the case was reheard several
years later and the Tarasoff II decision modified the duty to warn to a "duty to protect."
-"issues implicated by the Tarasoff case and its legal progeny account for a small
percentage of forensic cases."
mania, according to psychoanalytic theory - correct answer According to classical
psychoanalytic theory, mania occurs as a defense against depression, due to an
inability of the person to tolerate or admit to being depressed.
Hypomanic episode - correct answer Hypomanic Episode is characterized by a period
of persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts at least 4 days and is
accompanied by three or more symptoms including: inflated self-esteem or
grandiosity; decreased need for sleep; talkativeness; racing thoughts; distractibility;
excessive involvement in high-risk pleasurable activities; and increase in goal-
directed activity. The symptoms are not severe enough to cause marked impairment in
,functioning and there are no psychotic features. During a Hypomanic Episode many
individuals exhibit increased productivity, efficiency, and creativity.
Beck's cognitive therapy - correct answer A type of cognitive therapy developed by
Aaron Beck in which the therapist works to develop a warm relationship with the
person and has the person carefully consider the evidence for her beliefs in order to
see the errors in her thinking ("collaborative empiricism").
-also emphasizes relatpse prevention, structure and goal-oriented
Delusion of reference - correct answer person believes that objects or events in the
immediate environment have an unusual and particular significance to him or her. In a
, the this is not the case here.
persecutory delusion - correct answer person feels that he or she is being mistreated
in some way or conspired against;
Systematized delusions - correct answer organized around a coherent theme
, Lazarus' theory (emotion theory) - correct answer Lazarus' theory proposes that a
thought (cognitive appraisal) must precede any emotion or physiological arousal.
Cannon-Bard (emotion theory) - correct answer Cannon-Bard (a.) states physiological
and emotional arousal are experienced at the same time.
-theory of emotion that says that a stimulus causes simultaneously psyiological
arousal and the subjective experience of an emotion
James-Lange - correct answer an event causes physiological arousal first, then
interpretation and finally the experience of emotion
Schachter-Singer - correct answer an event causes physiological arousal first, then
reasoning and finally the experience of emotion
Facial feedback - correct answer changes in facial muscles cue the brain and provide
the basis of emotion.