UVA BIOL 3010 Exam 1 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Diversity of life arose from a common ancestor so this means the makeup of organisms living on earth
is - CORRECT ANSWER inherited and most similar between closely related organisms
Inherited biological info generates - CORRECT ANSWER diversity of living organisms
Evolution shows both - CORRECT ANSWER diversity (flexible) and similarity (common
characteristics)
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER observable characteristic (green or yellow pea seeds)
Genes - CORRECT ANSWER units of inheritance
alleles - CORRECT ANSWER alternate forms of single gene, antagonistic
mendel's law of segregation - CORRECT ANSWER the 2 alleles for each trait separate during
gamete formation and 2 gametes, one from each parent, unite at random during fertilization
why is a heterozygous pea yellow and not yellowish-green - CORRECT ANSWER the two
alleles of pea color gene are not compatible and cannot exist together
mendel's law of dominance - CORRECT ANSWER trait that appears in F1 progeny is dominant
form
trait that's hidden in F1 progeny is recessive form
mendel's law of independent assortment - CORRECT ANSWER -ratios are predictable
-traits are independent of each other
arrangement of genes - CORRECT ANSWER some genes are in a common structure that keeps
them together, makes the traits not independent but alleles still always segregate
,chromosome theory of inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER -chromosomes come in matched
(homologous) pairs in an organism
-the members of a homologous pair separate in meiosis, so each sperm/egg receives just one member
-the members of different chromosome pairs are sorted into gametes independently of one another in
meiosis
support for chromosome theory of inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER mendel's law of
segregation
mutation - CORRECT ANSWER the change that happens in an organism's genes that produces
differences that are passed to new organisms
mutations are - CORRECT ANSWER heritable
genotype - CORRECT ANSWER pair of alleles in an individual (YY or yy or Yy)
homozygote - CORRECT ANSWER 2 identical alleles (YY or yy)
heterozygote - CORRECT ANSWER 2 different alleles (Yy)
radioactively labeled phosphorus - CORRECT ANSWER indicates DNA
radioactively labeled sulfur - CORRECT ANSWER indicates protein
Hershey-Chase - CORRECT ANSWER -radioactively labeled sulfur and phosphorus integrated
into bacteriophage
-P radioactivity recovered in host and passed onto phage progeny
-S radioactivity recovered in phage ghosts
-proved that DNA is responsibility for heredity
,Avery experiment - CORRECT ANSWER -DNase -> destroy DNA -> R cells (no
transformation)
-protease/RNA/fats -> S cells (transformation)
-identified transforming principle as DNA
DNA's chemical constitutents - CORRECT ANSWER -deoxyribose
-phosphate
-4 nitrogenous bases
purines - CORRECT ANSWER A, G
2 rings
pyrimidines - CORRECT ANSWER T,C
1 ring
DNA characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER -directionality
-set structure
-nucleotides linked in directional chain (5' to 3')
-phosphodiester bonds always form covalent links between 3' C of one nucleotide and 5' C of next
Chargraff - CORRECT ANSWER ratios of A:T and G:C are 1:1
Watson, Crick, and Rosalind - CORRECT ANSWER -Rosalind's images indicated that DNA
had a helical structure and repeating pattern
-Watson and Crick interpreted image
-2 DNA molecules are paired together, uniform across body
-strands are antiparallel
-right-handed helix
-sugar-phosphate backbone on outside
-base pairs in middle
-2 chains held together by H bonds between A-T and G-C base pairs
, why does it make sense that A pairs with T and G with C - CORRECT ANSWER the 2 pairs are
almost the same size
complementary base pairing - CORRECT ANSWER -base pairs consist of H bonds (weak
electrostatic bonds) between purine and pyrimidine (G with C, A with T)
-consistent with Chargraff's rules
-each base pair has ~same shape
-weaker bond pairing between bases -> able to open and close
-G+C -> 3 H bonds
-A+T -> 2 H bonds
-more G/C bonds -> higher MP (3 H bonds)
where does DNA store info - CORRECT ANSWER -sequence of its bases
-most genetic info is "read" from unwound DNA
gene - CORRECT ANSWER molecular unit of heredity of an organism
within a chromosome
what's in a chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER -compact group of proteins and DNA
-reflected what Mendel saw in plants
-densely packed DNA, packed with protein
promoter - CORRECT ANSWER -allows gene to be expressed/made in a specific cell type
-part of gene but not part of protein made
-recruits transcriptional elements, where/where/how much expression
exon - CORRECT ANSWER incorporated into protein, genetic info that encodes its product
(protein)
introns - CORRECT ANSWER stays in nucleus, part of gene, removed after transcription
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Diversity of life arose from a common ancestor so this means the makeup of organisms living on earth
is - CORRECT ANSWER inherited and most similar between closely related organisms
Inherited biological info generates - CORRECT ANSWER diversity of living organisms
Evolution shows both - CORRECT ANSWER diversity (flexible) and similarity (common
characteristics)
Phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER observable characteristic (green or yellow pea seeds)
Genes - CORRECT ANSWER units of inheritance
alleles - CORRECT ANSWER alternate forms of single gene, antagonistic
mendel's law of segregation - CORRECT ANSWER the 2 alleles for each trait separate during
gamete formation and 2 gametes, one from each parent, unite at random during fertilization
why is a heterozygous pea yellow and not yellowish-green - CORRECT ANSWER the two
alleles of pea color gene are not compatible and cannot exist together
mendel's law of dominance - CORRECT ANSWER trait that appears in F1 progeny is dominant
form
trait that's hidden in F1 progeny is recessive form
mendel's law of independent assortment - CORRECT ANSWER -ratios are predictable
-traits are independent of each other
arrangement of genes - CORRECT ANSWER some genes are in a common structure that keeps
them together, makes the traits not independent but alleles still always segregate
,chromosome theory of inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER -chromosomes come in matched
(homologous) pairs in an organism
-the members of a homologous pair separate in meiosis, so each sperm/egg receives just one member
-the members of different chromosome pairs are sorted into gametes independently of one another in
meiosis
support for chromosome theory of inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER mendel's law of
segregation
mutation - CORRECT ANSWER the change that happens in an organism's genes that produces
differences that are passed to new organisms
mutations are - CORRECT ANSWER heritable
genotype - CORRECT ANSWER pair of alleles in an individual (YY or yy or Yy)
homozygote - CORRECT ANSWER 2 identical alleles (YY or yy)
heterozygote - CORRECT ANSWER 2 different alleles (Yy)
radioactively labeled phosphorus - CORRECT ANSWER indicates DNA
radioactively labeled sulfur - CORRECT ANSWER indicates protein
Hershey-Chase - CORRECT ANSWER -radioactively labeled sulfur and phosphorus integrated
into bacteriophage
-P radioactivity recovered in host and passed onto phage progeny
-S radioactivity recovered in phage ghosts
-proved that DNA is responsibility for heredity
,Avery experiment - CORRECT ANSWER -DNase -> destroy DNA -> R cells (no
transformation)
-protease/RNA/fats -> S cells (transformation)
-identified transforming principle as DNA
DNA's chemical constitutents - CORRECT ANSWER -deoxyribose
-phosphate
-4 nitrogenous bases
purines - CORRECT ANSWER A, G
2 rings
pyrimidines - CORRECT ANSWER T,C
1 ring
DNA characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER -directionality
-set structure
-nucleotides linked in directional chain (5' to 3')
-phosphodiester bonds always form covalent links between 3' C of one nucleotide and 5' C of next
Chargraff - CORRECT ANSWER ratios of A:T and G:C are 1:1
Watson, Crick, and Rosalind - CORRECT ANSWER -Rosalind's images indicated that DNA
had a helical structure and repeating pattern
-Watson and Crick interpreted image
-2 DNA molecules are paired together, uniform across body
-strands are antiparallel
-right-handed helix
-sugar-phosphate backbone on outside
-base pairs in middle
-2 chains held together by H bonds between A-T and G-C base pairs
, why does it make sense that A pairs with T and G with C - CORRECT ANSWER the 2 pairs are
almost the same size
complementary base pairing - CORRECT ANSWER -base pairs consist of H bonds (weak
electrostatic bonds) between purine and pyrimidine (G with C, A with T)
-consistent with Chargraff's rules
-each base pair has ~same shape
-weaker bond pairing between bases -> able to open and close
-G+C -> 3 H bonds
-A+T -> 2 H bonds
-more G/C bonds -> higher MP (3 H bonds)
where does DNA store info - CORRECT ANSWER -sequence of its bases
-most genetic info is "read" from unwound DNA
gene - CORRECT ANSWER molecular unit of heredity of an organism
within a chromosome
what's in a chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER -compact group of proteins and DNA
-reflected what Mendel saw in plants
-densely packed DNA, packed with protein
promoter - CORRECT ANSWER -allows gene to be expressed/made in a specific cell type
-part of gene but not part of protein made
-recruits transcriptional elements, where/where/how much expression
exon - CORRECT ANSWER incorporated into protein, genetic info that encodes its product
(protein)
introns - CORRECT ANSWER stays in nucleus, part of gene, removed after transcription
