PoPulation HealtH Study Guide QueStionS and CoRReCt anSweRS
(veRiFied) | lateSt uPdate 2026/2027 | GRaded a+ | BRand new |
100% GuaRanteed PaSS
1. What percent of the US population has at least one chronic disease? Of the 10 leading causes
of death in the US, what percent are preventable? - ANSWER-50% has one chronic conditions
70% of these causes are preventable
2. T/F: The US spends more on healthcare than any other nation because the US leads the world
on key population health indicators. - ANSWER-False. Us spends more on healthcare yet ranks
poorly on most measures.
Only 1st in in technology
3. What is "population health?" - ANSWER-The health outcomes of a group of individuals and the
distribution of such outcomes within a grouup
4. What are some key differences between the "medical model" of health versus the "population
health" model? Why is understanding the distribution of health outcomes in a population
important? Why is understanding the distribution of health outcomes in a population important? -
ANSWER-The medical Model
-Fee For Service incentivizes volume
-Sickcare system focuses on treatment of individual ill patients
-Focus on individual risk
-Clinical reactive/ (drugs, equipment, dx, maneuvers contribute to health)
-Healthcare is central to producing health
-Focus on disease
-Fragmented, silo'd duplicative
The Population Health Model
-Value Based Pay rewards quality and incentivizes cost reduction
-healthcare system focuses on coordinated holistic care across continuum
-Focus on social structures
-Comprehensive/proactive/preventitive
,-Addressing health's determinants and health disparities are central to producing health
-Focus on health, wellbeing, Health related quality of life
-Integrated and coordinated
5. What three epidemiological or health eras did Susser and Susser (1996) describe and what
are their basic features? (Era, paradigm, analytical approach, preventive approach)? -
ANSWER-1. Saniitary statistics[miasma]. Clustering of morbiditiy and mortality--->introduce
draininage sewage and sanitation
2. Infectious DIseases[germ theory]. Laboratory and expirments---> interrupt transmission
through vaccines and quarantines, antibiotics
3. Chronic disease epidemiology[black box]. risk ratios of exposure to outcomes---> control risk
factors by modifying lifestyle
4. eco-epidemiology[chinese boxes]=relations within and between localized structures
organized in a heirarchy of level. analysis of determinants and outcomes at different
levels/contexts.-->apply both information and biomedical technology to find leverage at
efficacious levels
6. Can we say with certainty we currently live in one specific era? Why or why not? - ANSWER-
No, because we utilize strategies from all eras.
7. What are some modern examples of preventive strategies proposed by each era? - ANSWER-
1. Sanitation= We still use sewers and flourinated water
2. Infectious disease= we still use vaccines and antibiotics
3. Chronic Disease= Anti smoking campaign and exercise campaigns
4. Eco-epidemiology= Community engagement linked with social health and policy development
8. Who is the "Father of Modern Epidemiology" and why? What was the significance of removing
the handle off of the Broad Street pump? - ANSWER-John Snow. First suspected waterborne
transmission. disproved miasma by using the first natural experiment.
Used clusters of cholera death to show that cities from lower thames were associated with more
death. WITHIN GROUP ANALYSIS
He broke off broad street pump = less deaths
9. In the classic infectious disease transmission model (agent, host, environment), what
elements/attributes/characteristics make up each of these points of intervention to "cause"
illness? - ANSWER-SINGLE CAUSE SINGLE EFFECT
Triad:
, 1. Host(who)
-intrinsic elements or host factors =susceptibility
2. Agent(what)
-pathogenicity severity genetically
-virulence severity conditionally
-dose
3. Where(Environment)
-extrinsic entities. environment. or SES standing
10. What is a reservoir and can you list common reservoirs you may experience in your future
work? - ANSWER-Reservoir are the habitats that agents live in.a reservoir could be a lake. In
animals hair. Saliva
they leave through a protal of exit and enter host through portal of entry
11. What is the difference between direct and indirect disease transmission? Can you
identify/list routes of spread for diseases that are transmitted directly and indirectly? -
ANSWER-Direct transmission is person to person. Physicial contact like exchange of bodily
fluids, skin contact with body lesions. intercourse
Indirect is not person to person. requires common vehicle to transmit.. airborne, waterborne,
parenteral, vectors, fomites, vehicles
12. Can you infer/determine effective modes of disease transmission interruption based on a
given disease description and vice versa? (e.g., when are saniwipes appropriate versus
condoms?) - ANSWER-
13. What is "risk factor epidemiology" (Susser & Susser) and might a "behaviorist" or a
"structuralist" (video discussion) be more inclined to approach disease outcomes and
disparities from a risk factor perspective? - ANSWER-Risk factor epidemiology was born to find
probable causes and statistical analyses and study designs evolved sampling, four-fold tables
and odds and risk ratios.
Looks at more of a multi level mode of disease. uses a web of causation and cohort studies to
understand it
i think a structuralist might be more inclinde
(veRiFied) | lateSt uPdate 2026/2027 | GRaded a+ | BRand new |
100% GuaRanteed PaSS
1. What percent of the US population has at least one chronic disease? Of the 10 leading causes
of death in the US, what percent are preventable? - ANSWER-50% has one chronic conditions
70% of these causes are preventable
2. T/F: The US spends more on healthcare than any other nation because the US leads the world
on key population health indicators. - ANSWER-False. Us spends more on healthcare yet ranks
poorly on most measures.
Only 1st in in technology
3. What is "population health?" - ANSWER-The health outcomes of a group of individuals and the
distribution of such outcomes within a grouup
4. What are some key differences between the "medical model" of health versus the "population
health" model? Why is understanding the distribution of health outcomes in a population
important? Why is understanding the distribution of health outcomes in a population important? -
ANSWER-The medical Model
-Fee For Service incentivizes volume
-Sickcare system focuses on treatment of individual ill patients
-Focus on individual risk
-Clinical reactive/ (drugs, equipment, dx, maneuvers contribute to health)
-Healthcare is central to producing health
-Focus on disease
-Fragmented, silo'd duplicative
The Population Health Model
-Value Based Pay rewards quality and incentivizes cost reduction
-healthcare system focuses on coordinated holistic care across continuum
-Focus on social structures
-Comprehensive/proactive/preventitive
,-Addressing health's determinants and health disparities are central to producing health
-Focus on health, wellbeing, Health related quality of life
-Integrated and coordinated
5. What three epidemiological or health eras did Susser and Susser (1996) describe and what
are their basic features? (Era, paradigm, analytical approach, preventive approach)? -
ANSWER-1. Saniitary statistics[miasma]. Clustering of morbiditiy and mortality--->introduce
draininage sewage and sanitation
2. Infectious DIseases[germ theory]. Laboratory and expirments---> interrupt transmission
through vaccines and quarantines, antibiotics
3. Chronic disease epidemiology[black box]. risk ratios of exposure to outcomes---> control risk
factors by modifying lifestyle
4. eco-epidemiology[chinese boxes]=relations within and between localized structures
organized in a heirarchy of level. analysis of determinants and outcomes at different
levels/contexts.-->apply both information and biomedical technology to find leverage at
efficacious levels
6. Can we say with certainty we currently live in one specific era? Why or why not? - ANSWER-
No, because we utilize strategies from all eras.
7. What are some modern examples of preventive strategies proposed by each era? - ANSWER-
1. Sanitation= We still use sewers and flourinated water
2. Infectious disease= we still use vaccines and antibiotics
3. Chronic Disease= Anti smoking campaign and exercise campaigns
4. Eco-epidemiology= Community engagement linked with social health and policy development
8. Who is the "Father of Modern Epidemiology" and why? What was the significance of removing
the handle off of the Broad Street pump? - ANSWER-John Snow. First suspected waterborne
transmission. disproved miasma by using the first natural experiment.
Used clusters of cholera death to show that cities from lower thames were associated with more
death. WITHIN GROUP ANALYSIS
He broke off broad street pump = less deaths
9. In the classic infectious disease transmission model (agent, host, environment), what
elements/attributes/characteristics make up each of these points of intervention to "cause"
illness? - ANSWER-SINGLE CAUSE SINGLE EFFECT
Triad:
, 1. Host(who)
-intrinsic elements or host factors =susceptibility
2. Agent(what)
-pathogenicity severity genetically
-virulence severity conditionally
-dose
3. Where(Environment)
-extrinsic entities. environment. or SES standing
10. What is a reservoir and can you list common reservoirs you may experience in your future
work? - ANSWER-Reservoir are the habitats that agents live in.a reservoir could be a lake. In
animals hair. Saliva
they leave through a protal of exit and enter host through portal of entry
11. What is the difference between direct and indirect disease transmission? Can you
identify/list routes of spread for diseases that are transmitted directly and indirectly? -
ANSWER-Direct transmission is person to person. Physicial contact like exchange of bodily
fluids, skin contact with body lesions. intercourse
Indirect is not person to person. requires common vehicle to transmit.. airborne, waterborne,
parenteral, vectors, fomites, vehicles
12. Can you infer/determine effective modes of disease transmission interruption based on a
given disease description and vice versa? (e.g., when are saniwipes appropriate versus
condoms?) - ANSWER-
13. What is "risk factor epidemiology" (Susser & Susser) and might a "behaviorist" or a
"structuralist" (video discussion) be more inclined to approach disease outcomes and
disparities from a risk factor perspective? - ANSWER-Risk factor epidemiology was born to find
probable causes and statistical analyses and study designs evolved sampling, four-fold tables
and odds and risk ratios.
Looks at more of a multi level mode of disease. uses a web of causation and cohort studies to
understand it
i think a structuralist might be more inclinde
