NSG 3850 EXAM 3 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FOR NURSES II NEWEST 2026-2027
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | A+
GRADE VERIFIED ANSWERS
A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with urinary tract
obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that
the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a
decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:
A. Decreased renal blood flow
B. Decreased peritubular capillary pressure
C. Dilation of renal pelvis and calyces proximal to
blockage
D. Stimulation of antidiuretic hormoneCorrect Answer C
Hydroureter; dilation of ureter
Hydronephrosis: dilation/enlargement of renal pelvis and
calyces
Ureterohydronephrosis: dilation of ureter AND renal pelvis
and calyces
A 55-year-old male presents reporting urinary retention.
Tests reveal that he has a lower urinary tract obstruction.
Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse?
A. Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis
B. Formation of renal calculi
,C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Increased bladder complianceCorrect Answer B
urine stasis occurs with urinary tract obstruction and can
lead to the formation of renal calculi and UTI
A 75-year-old male reports to his primary care provider
loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. Which of
the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will
observe on the chart?
A. Urge incontinence
B. Overflow incontinence
C. Stress incontinence
D. Functional incontinenceCorrect Answer C
Reduced resistance is associated with the symptom of
stress incontinence, which is incontinence with coughing
or sneezing.
A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine, flank
pain, hematuria, and fever. Which of the following does
the nurse suspect the patient is most likely experiencing?
A. Acute cystitis
B. Renal calculi
C. Chronic renal failure
D. Postrenal renal failureCorrect Answer A
acute cystitis is infection/inflammation of bladder (UTI)
Although renal calculi can cause pain and hematuria, it is
not manifested by fever and cloudy urine.
,A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red
blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day,
with albumin being the major protein. The most probable
diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:
A. Cystitis
B. Chronic pyelonephritis
C. Acute glomerulonephritis
D. Renal calculiCorrect Answer C
Two major symptoms distinctive of more severe
glomerulonephritis are:
hematuria with red blood cell casts
(2) proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day with albumin
(macroalbuminuria) as the major protein
A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic
syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom
of this disease?
A. Hematuria
B. Dysuria
C. Oliguria
D. ProteinuriaCorrect Answer D
Nephrotic syndrome is manifested by proteinuria
Nephrotic syndrome is diagnosed when the protein level in
a 24-hour urine collection is greater than 3.5 g
A 56-year-old male presents with flank pain and polyuria.
Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which of
, the following types of renal failure should the nurse
monitor for as it is the most likely to occur?
A. Prerenal
B. Intrarenal
C. Extrarenal
D. PostrenalCorrect Answer D
the patient will experience postrenal renal failure due to
obstruction by the prostate.
What if the test revealed acute tubular necrosis? intrarenal
While turning a patient with chronic renal failure, which
principle should the nurse recall? Bone fractures are a risk
factor in chronic renal failure because:
A. Calcium is lost in the urine
B. Osteoblast activity is excessive
C. The kidneys fail to activate vitamin D
D. Autoantibodies to calcium molecules developCorrect
Answer C
Hypocalcemia is accelerated by impaired renal synthesis
of vitamin D
The combined effect of vitamin D deficiency can result in
renal osteodystrophies with increased risk for fractures.
A man was mildly confused, and his family brought him to
adult day care during the week. He was incontinent there
every day until a nurse suggested that they put a picture of
a toilet on the bathroom door, and he became continent.
FOR NURSES II NEWEST 2026-2027
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES | A+
GRADE VERIFIED ANSWERS
A 25-year-old female is diagnosed with urinary tract
obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes that
the patient is expected to have hydronephrosis and a
decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:
A. Decreased renal blood flow
B. Decreased peritubular capillary pressure
C. Dilation of renal pelvis and calyces proximal to
blockage
D. Stimulation of antidiuretic hormoneCorrect Answer C
Hydroureter; dilation of ureter
Hydronephrosis: dilation/enlargement of renal pelvis and
calyces
Ureterohydronephrosis: dilation of ureter AND renal pelvis
and calyces
A 55-year-old male presents reporting urinary retention.
Tests reveal that he has a lower urinary tract obstruction.
Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse?
A. Vesicoureteral reflux and pyelonephritis
B. Formation of renal calculi
,C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Increased bladder complianceCorrect Answer B
urine stasis occurs with urinary tract obstruction and can
lead to the formation of renal calculi and UTI
A 75-year-old male reports to his primary care provider
loss of urine with cough, sneezing, or laughing. Which of
the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will
observe on the chart?
A. Urge incontinence
B. Overflow incontinence
C. Stress incontinence
D. Functional incontinenceCorrect Answer C
Reduced resistance is associated with the symptom of
stress incontinence, which is incontinence with coughing
or sneezing.
A 29-year-old female presents with cloudy urine, flank
pain, hematuria, and fever. Which of the following does
the nurse suspect the patient is most likely experiencing?
A. Acute cystitis
B. Renal calculi
C. Chronic renal failure
D. Postrenal renal failureCorrect Answer A
acute cystitis is infection/inflammation of bladder (UTI)
Although renal calculi can cause pain and hematuria, it is
not manifested by fever and cloudy urine.
,A 30-year-old male is demonstrating hematuria with red
blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day,
with albumin being the major protein. The most probable
diagnosis the nurse will see documented on the chart is:
A. Cystitis
B. Chronic pyelonephritis
C. Acute glomerulonephritis
D. Renal calculiCorrect Answer C
Two major symptoms distinctive of more severe
glomerulonephritis are:
hematuria with red blood cell casts
(2) proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day with albumin
(macroalbuminuria) as the major protein
A 54-year-old female is diagnosed with nephrotic
syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom
of this disease?
A. Hematuria
B. Dysuria
C. Oliguria
D. ProteinuriaCorrect Answer D
Nephrotic syndrome is manifested by proteinuria
Nephrotic syndrome is diagnosed when the protein level in
a 24-hour urine collection is greater than 3.5 g
A 56-year-old male presents with flank pain and polyuria.
Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which of
, the following types of renal failure should the nurse
monitor for as it is the most likely to occur?
A. Prerenal
B. Intrarenal
C. Extrarenal
D. PostrenalCorrect Answer D
the patient will experience postrenal renal failure due to
obstruction by the prostate.
What if the test revealed acute tubular necrosis? intrarenal
While turning a patient with chronic renal failure, which
principle should the nurse recall? Bone fractures are a risk
factor in chronic renal failure because:
A. Calcium is lost in the urine
B. Osteoblast activity is excessive
C. The kidneys fail to activate vitamin D
D. Autoantibodies to calcium molecules developCorrect
Answer C
Hypocalcemia is accelerated by impaired renal synthesis
of vitamin D
The combined effect of vitamin D deficiency can result in
renal osteodystrophies with increased risk for fractures.
A man was mildly confused, and his family brought him to
adult day care during the week. He was incontinent there
every day until a nurse suggested that they put a picture of
a toilet on the bathroom door, and he became continent.
