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1. Verbal communication: exchange of information using words
2. Nonverbal communication: exchange of information without the use of words; body language
3. Intrapersonal communication: self-talk; communication within a person
4. Interpersonal communication: occurs between two or more people with a goal to exchange
messages
5. SBAR: consistent, clear, structured, and easy-to-use method of communication between health care personnel;
it organizes communication by the categories of:
Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendations.
6. Empathy: identifying with the way another person feels
7. Humor: used as a healing strategy for nurses and patients when used appropriately.
8. Open ended questions: allow a wide variety of responses.
9. Close ended questions: limited choices of possible responses; yes or no
10. Validating question or comment: validates what the nurse believes he or she has heard or
observed
11. Clarifying question or comment: allows the nurse to gain an understanding of a patient's
comment
12. Reflective question or comment: involves repeating that the person has said or describing the
persons feelings.
13. Sequencing question or comment: used to place events in chronological order to investive a
possible cause-effect relationship between events
14. Directing question or comment: nurse can gain additional information to consider in assessing
the paitent's health status
15. Assertive behavior: ability to stand up for oneself and others using open, honest, and direct communi-
cation
16. Aggressive behavior: asserting one's rights in a negative manner that violates the rights of others
17. Cliché: stereotyped, trite, or pat answer
18. Incivility: rude, intimidating, and undesirable behavior directed at another person
19. Bullying: anger and aggression towards others
20. Cultural assimilation: taking on the values of a dominant culture when a minority group lives within a
dominant group.
21. Cultural blindness: when one ignores the differences and proceeds as though they do not exist.
, Rasmussen Spring 2021 Multidimensional Care I Exam 1
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22. Cultural competence: care is planned and implemented in a way that is sensitive to the needs of
individuals, families, and groups from diverse populations within society.
23. Cultural diversity: people of varying cultural background, racial and ethnic origin, religion, language,
physical size, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability, socioeconomic status, occupational status, and geographic
location.
24. Cultural imposition: the belief that everyone else should conform to your own belief system.
25. Culture: a shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations that provides social structure for living;
shapes what is acceptable behavior for people in a specific group; learned by each new generation; may evolve over
time; influences the way people of a group view themselves, have expectations, and behave in situations.
26. Culture conflict: occurs when people become aware of culture differences, feel threatened, and respond
by ridiculing the beliefs and traditions of others to make themselves feel more secure about their own values.
27. Culture shock: the feelings a person may experience when placed in a different culture perceived as
strange.
28. Ethnicity: a sense of identification with a collective cultural group, largely based on the group's common
heritage.
29. Ethnocentrism: the belief that the ideas, beliefs, and practices of one's own culture are superior to those
of another's culture.
30. Race: based on specific physical characteristics such as skin pigmentation, body stature, facial features, and
hair texture.
31. Stereotyping: when one assumes that all members of a culture, ethnic group, or race act alike; negative
stereotyping includes racism, ageism, and sexism.
32. Subculture: A large group of people who are members of the larger cultural group but who have certain
ethnic, occupational, or physical characteristics that are not common to the larger culture.
33. Transcultural nursing: a nurse that has the knowledge and skills to adapt nursing care to cultural
similarities and differences.
34. African American: · Close & supportive extended-family relationships
· Family, unity, loyalty, and cooperation are important.
· Usually matriarchal
· Present oriented
· Highly respected members
· Highly religious
· Use folk healing practices and home remedies for treating illness.
, Rasmussen Spring 2021 Multidimensional Care I Exam 1
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35. Asian: · Welfare of family is valued above the person.
· Extended families are common.
· Ancestors are respected.
· Sharing is common.
· Seeks balance in all things.
· Good health is achieved through Yin & Yang.
· Imbalance in energy is caused by improper diet or strong emotions.
· Diseases and foods are classified by as hot or cold.
· Use herbs, diet, and application of hot or cold therapy.
· High respect for age, authority, hard work
· Praise of self or others is considered poor manners
· May be upset by drawing of blood or lab tests
· Best to die with the body intact (all organs)
· Seldom complain about what is bothering them.
· Salt restricted diet
36. Hispanic: · Familial role is important
· Family is the primary unit of society
· Curanderos are folk healers who base treatment on humoral pathology
· Balance is achieved through hot and cold within the body.
· Respect is given to age and sex: older male
· Roman catholic
· God gives health and illness for a reason
· May be difficult to convince an asymptomatic patient they he is sick
· Diet counseling may be necessary
37. Muslim: · Family forms the basic building blocks of Muslim society
· Marriage forms the sole basis for sexual relations and parenthood
· Discourages use of contraception
· Halal diet: No pork or alcohol
· Belief that there is no God by Allah
· Allah will determine when they will die
· Family members wash the body of the deceased and bury as soon as possible.
· Cremation is not allowed.