2026 Exam All Answers and
Illustrations Given
Adult polycystic kidney disease - ANSWER ✔✔manifests with
decreasing renal function and hypertension in adulthood
In chronic glomerulonephritis - ANSWER ✔✔progression to end-
stage renal disease is common
Movement of renal calculi into the ureter produces - ANSWER
✔✔renal colic
Risk factors for acute pyelonephritis include all of the following except?
, A) diabetes mellitus
B) kidney trauma
C) pregnancy
D) elderly age - ANSWER ✔✔B) Kidney trauma
the finding of white blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of -
ANSWER ✔✔pyelonephritis
The finding of red blood cell casts in the urine is indicative of -
ANSWER ✔✔Glomerulonephritis
polycystic kidney disease (PKD) - ANSWER ✔✔Genetic disorder in
which fluid-filled cysts develop in the kidneys.
Prerenal kidney injury, regardless of the specific cause, has a single
common etiologic factor, which is - ANSWER ✔✔decreased kidney
perfusion
All of the following could produce prerenal kidney in jury except -
ANSWER ✔✔pyelonephritis
Kidney injury produces all of the following characteristic alterations in
laboratory values except?