NUR 265 Exam 1 | Kidney, Liver, Pancreas, Heart, & Blood
Disorders | Complete Study Guide
Latest 2026/2027 Update | 100% Correct Verified Answers | Grade A Guaranteed – Nursing Program
SUBJECT COURSE FOCUS
Medical-Surgical Nursing NUR 265 Exam 1 Kidney, Liver, Pancreas, Heart,
Blood Disorders, Hemodynamics,
Dysrhythmias
Question 1
What is nephrotic syndrome?
CORRECT ANSWER
A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the
membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
RATIONALE
• Key features: massive proteinuria (>3.5g/24h), hypoalbuminemia, edema (facial/periorbital), lipiduria,
hyperlipidemia, increased coagulation.
• Treatment: immunosuppressants, ACE inhibitors (decrease protein loss), statins, heparin.
• Monitor for complications: infection and thromboembolism.
, Question 2
Describe prerenal AKI with examples.
CORRECT ANSWER
Decreased perfusion to kidneys. Examples: NSAIDs, severe dehydration, renal artery stenosis, MI
or HF, blood/fluid loss.
RATIONALE
• Most common form of AKI; usually reversible with restoration of renal perfusion.
• BUN:Cr ratio >20:1 suggests prerenal cause.
• Treatment focuses on correcting underlying cause (fluids, vasopressors).
Question 3
Describe intrarenal AKI with examples.
CORRECT ANSWER
Tissue damage to the actual kidneys. Examples: glomerulonephritis, sepsis, intrarenal bleeding,
pyelonephritis.
RATIONALE
• Involves direct damage to kidney parenchyma (tubules, glomeruli).
• Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is most common cause from ischemia or nephrotoxins.
• Treatment is supportive; recovery depends on extent of damage.
Disorders | Complete Study Guide
Latest 2026/2027 Update | 100% Correct Verified Answers | Grade A Guaranteed – Nursing Program
SUBJECT COURSE FOCUS
Medical-Surgical Nursing NUR 265 Exam 1 Kidney, Liver, Pancreas, Heart,
Blood Disorders, Hemodynamics,
Dysrhythmias
Question 1
What is nephrotic syndrome?
CORRECT ANSWER
A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through the
membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
RATIONALE
• Key features: massive proteinuria (>3.5g/24h), hypoalbuminemia, edema (facial/periorbital), lipiduria,
hyperlipidemia, increased coagulation.
• Treatment: immunosuppressants, ACE inhibitors (decrease protein loss), statins, heparin.
• Monitor for complications: infection and thromboembolism.
, Question 2
Describe prerenal AKI with examples.
CORRECT ANSWER
Decreased perfusion to kidneys. Examples: NSAIDs, severe dehydration, renal artery stenosis, MI
or HF, blood/fluid loss.
RATIONALE
• Most common form of AKI; usually reversible with restoration of renal perfusion.
• BUN:Cr ratio >20:1 suggests prerenal cause.
• Treatment focuses on correcting underlying cause (fluids, vasopressors).
Question 3
Describe intrarenal AKI with examples.
CORRECT ANSWER
Tissue damage to the actual kidneys. Examples: glomerulonephritis, sepsis, intrarenal bleeding,
pyelonephritis.
RATIONALE
• Involves direct damage to kidney parenchyma (tubules, glomeruli).
• Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is most common cause from ischemia or nephrotoxins.
• Treatment is supportive; recovery depends on extent of damage.
