Diabetes Mellitus Nursing Notes.

Diabetes Mellitus Nursing Notes & NCLEX Review

Medical-Surgical Nursing Complete Guide

Introduction:

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels
due to problems with insulin production, insulin action, or both.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps glucose enter body cells for energy.


Types of Diabetes Mellitus:

1. Type 1 Diabetes:​

Cause: Autoimmune destruction of beta cells.​
Common feature: Usually develops in children or young adults

2. Type 2 Diabetes:
​
Cause: Insulin resistance
Common feature: Most common type.

3. Gestational diabetes:

Cause: Occurs during pregnancy
Common feature: May increase future diabetes risk.

In detail:

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus:

Causes:
•Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells

•Genetic factors

•Viral infections


Characteristics:

•Little or no insulin production

, •Requires lifelong insulin therapy

•Sudden onset


Common Symptoms:

•Polyuria

•Polydipsia

•Polyphagia

•Weight loss


Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:

Causes:

•Insulin resistance

•Obesity

•Sedentary lifestyle

•Family history


Characteristics:

•Gradual onset

•Often controlled with diet, exercise, and oral medications


Risk Factors:

•Obesity

•Hypertension

•Poor diet