3/25/26, 3:56 PM
NR 304 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE
How do walls of arteries differ from those of veins? Arterial walls are thicker and contain more elastic fibers to withstand high-pressure surges
What is the primary function of the peripheral pulses? They represent the pressure wave created by each heartbeat that is palpable at body
sites where an artery lies close to the skin and over a bone.
What condition is define as a deficiency of oxygenated arterial Ischemia
blood to a body part caused by an obstruction?
Why are veins referred to as 'capacitance vessels'? They have a large diameter and the ability to stretch, allowing them to hold a significant
volume of blood
Which 3 mechanisms facilitate venous return to the heart? - Contracting skeletal muscles
- Pressure gradient from breathing
- Intraluminal valves
1/27
,3/25/26, 3:56 PM
What are the 3 primary risk factors for venous stasis? - Prolonged standing or sitting
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
What is the primary role of the lymphatic system regarding It retrieves excess fluid and plasma proteins from the interstia; spaces and returns them to
fluid balance? the bloodstream
What are the small, oval clumps of lymphatic tissue that filter Lymph nodes
fluid and house lymphocytes?
Which lymphatic organ is responsible for destroying old red Spleen
blood cells and producing antibodies?
Arteriosclerosis The thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
Atherosclerosis The formation of fatty plaques within the inner later of the arteries
In the grading scale for the force of an arterial pulse, what Weak, thready
does a score of 1+ indicate?
In the grading scale for the force of an arterial pulse, what Full, bounding
does a score of 3+ indicate?
Which specific pulse site is located just lateral to and parallel Dorsalis pedis
with the extensor tendon of the big toe?
Where is the posterior tibial pulse palpated? In the groove between the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon
What best determines the patency of the radial and ulnar Allen's
test arteries?
The number of blocks or stairs climbed that produced leg pain Claudication distance
is called the?
2/27
, 3/25/26, 3:56 PM
Which peripheral vascular condition is characterized by thin, Chronic arterial insufficiency
shiny skin and a loss of hair on the lower legs?
Peripheral vascular assessment: Inspect of extremities - Inspect skin color, size and symmetry of extremities, and hair growth and distribution of
arms and legs
- Extremities should be equal in size and symmetrical in shape
- Skin should be intact
- Hair should be present and distributed evenly
- Edema should not present
Peripheral vascular assessment: Palpation of pulses and lymph - Palpate pulses, lymph nodes, skin temperature, and check for edema
nodes - Pulses in both extremities should be present and equal bilaterally
- Check brachial and radial pulses in the arms
- Check femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses in the legs
- The skin should be warm with no edema, wounds, or bruising
Patho of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) - Atherosclerosis closely linked to the development of PAD
- Plaque build-up decreases the size of the interior lumen of the artery
- A thrombus (clot) can lodge in the narrowed artery, blocking blood flow to distal cells
- Blocked arterial blood flow prevents oxygen and nutrients from reaching distal cells,
tissues, and organs, leading to lasting damage
Clinical Manifestations of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) - 50% of people with PAD do not have symptoms
- Intermittent claudication: Cramping in one or both lower legs during activity, not at rest
- Critical limb-threatening ischemia: Severe form of PAD with visible limb damage due to
low blood supply
- Weak pulses
- Legs may feel numb, weak, or heavy
- Pain in specific areas at certain times (at night)
- Changes in skin color or temperature
- Hair loss
- Wounds that do not heal
- Dead tissue (gangrene)
3/27
NR 304 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
2026/2027 LATEST UPDATE
How do walls of arteries differ from those of veins? Arterial walls are thicker and contain more elastic fibers to withstand high-pressure surges
What is the primary function of the peripheral pulses? They represent the pressure wave created by each heartbeat that is palpable at body
sites where an artery lies close to the skin and over a bone.
What condition is define as a deficiency of oxygenated arterial Ischemia
blood to a body part caused by an obstruction?
Why are veins referred to as 'capacitance vessels'? They have a large diameter and the ability to stretch, allowing them to hold a significant
volume of blood
Which 3 mechanisms facilitate venous return to the heart? - Contracting skeletal muscles
- Pressure gradient from breathing
- Intraluminal valves
1/27
,3/25/26, 3:56 PM
What are the 3 primary risk factors for venous stasis? - Prolonged standing or sitting
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
What is the primary role of the lymphatic system regarding It retrieves excess fluid and plasma proteins from the interstia; spaces and returns them to
fluid balance? the bloodstream
What are the small, oval clumps of lymphatic tissue that filter Lymph nodes
fluid and house lymphocytes?
Which lymphatic organ is responsible for destroying old red Spleen
blood cells and producing antibodies?
Arteriosclerosis The thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
Atherosclerosis The formation of fatty plaques within the inner later of the arteries
In the grading scale for the force of an arterial pulse, what Weak, thready
does a score of 1+ indicate?
In the grading scale for the force of an arterial pulse, what Full, bounding
does a score of 3+ indicate?
Which specific pulse site is located just lateral to and parallel Dorsalis pedis
with the extensor tendon of the big toe?
Where is the posterior tibial pulse palpated? In the groove between the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon
What best determines the patency of the radial and ulnar Allen's
test arteries?
The number of blocks or stairs climbed that produced leg pain Claudication distance
is called the?
2/27
, 3/25/26, 3:56 PM
Which peripheral vascular condition is characterized by thin, Chronic arterial insufficiency
shiny skin and a loss of hair on the lower legs?
Peripheral vascular assessment: Inspect of extremities - Inspect skin color, size and symmetry of extremities, and hair growth and distribution of
arms and legs
- Extremities should be equal in size and symmetrical in shape
- Skin should be intact
- Hair should be present and distributed evenly
- Edema should not present
Peripheral vascular assessment: Palpation of pulses and lymph - Palpate pulses, lymph nodes, skin temperature, and check for edema
nodes - Pulses in both extremities should be present and equal bilaterally
- Check brachial and radial pulses in the arms
- Check femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis pulses in the legs
- The skin should be warm with no edema, wounds, or bruising
Patho of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) - Atherosclerosis closely linked to the development of PAD
- Plaque build-up decreases the size of the interior lumen of the artery
- A thrombus (clot) can lodge in the narrowed artery, blocking blood flow to distal cells
- Blocked arterial blood flow prevents oxygen and nutrients from reaching distal cells,
tissues, and organs, leading to lasting damage
Clinical Manifestations of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) - 50% of people with PAD do not have symptoms
- Intermittent claudication: Cramping in one or both lower legs during activity, not at rest
- Critical limb-threatening ischemia: Severe form of PAD with visible limb damage due to
low blood supply
- Weak pulses
- Legs may feel numb, weak, or heavy
- Pain in specific areas at certain times (at night)
- Changes in skin color or temperature
- Hair loss
- Wounds that do not heal
- Dead tissue (gangrene)
3/27
