NR 109 (Foundations in Nursing
Practice) MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
EXCELSIOR
1. Describe the different types of therapies available (i.e. behavioral...) -
ANSWER ✔ 1. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT):
Description: CBT is a widely used and evidence-based approach that focuses on
identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and behaviors. It aims to
modify dysfunctional beliefs and promote healthier cognitive and behavioral
patterns.
Applications: Anxiety disorders, depression, phobias, and various mood
disorders.
2. Psychodynamic Therapy: explores unconscious thoughts and unresolved
conflicts to gain insight into current behavior and relationships. It often
involves exploring past experiences to understand present difficulties.
Applications: Relationship issues, unresolved trauma, and longstanding
personality patterns.
3. Humanistic Therapies:
Description: Humanistic therapies, such as person-centered therapy and Gestalt
therapy, emphasize self-awareness, personal growth, and the inherent capacity
for individuals to make positive choices. Person-centered therapy, developed by
Carl Rogers, is non-directive and focuses on the client's unique experience.
Applications: Self-exploration, personal growth, and relationship issues.
4. Mindfulness-Based Therapies: mindfulness practices to help individuals
cultivate awareness and non-judgmental acceptance of their thoughts and
emotions.
Applications: Stress reduction, anxiety, depression, and relapse prevention.
,5. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): It was initially developed for
individuals with borderline personality disorder and focuses on building skills
in emotional regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance, and
mindfulness.
Applications: Borderline personality disorder, self-harm behaviors, and emotion
dysregulation.
6. Family Therapy:
7. Art and Expressive Therapies:
Applications: Trauma, stress, and various mental health issues.
2. why do we have a nursing process, what are the steps and what is involved
with each step? - ANSWER ✔ Assessment:
Involves collecting comprehensive data about the patient's health status,
including physical, emotional, social, and cultural aspects.
Diagnosis:
In this step, nurses analyze and interpret the collected data to identify the
patient's health problems, risks, and strengths.
Nursing diagnoses are formulated based on the analysis, and they guide the
development of a care plan.
Planning:
The nurse collaborates with the patient, family, and other healthcare
professionals to develop a comprehensive care plan.
Implementation:
In this step, the nursing care plan is put into action.
Nurses perform the planned interventions, which may include administering
medications, providing education, conducting therapeutic communication, and
assisting with activities of daily living.
Evaluation:
The nurse assesses the patient's response to the interventions and evaluates the
progress toward achieving the established goals.
3. National Patient Safety Goals - ANSWER ✔ The National Patient Safety
Goals (NPSGs) are a set of standards established by The Joint Commission,
an independent accrediting organization for healthcare organizations in the
United States. These goals are designed to address specific areas of concern
, related to patient safety and quality of care. The NPSGs are updated
regularly to reflect emerging issues and best practices in healthcare.
4. How can nurses implement these goals into practice? National Patient Safety
Goals - ANSWER ✔ Identify Patients Correctly:
Use at least two patient identifiers (e.g., name and date of birth) when providing
care, treatment, or services.
Improve Staff Communication:
Get important test results to the right staff person on time.
Encourage patients to be active participants in their own care.
Use Medicines Safely:
Label all medications, medication containers, and other solutions on and off the
sterile field in perioperative and other procedural settings.
Use Alarm Systems Effectively:
Improve the safety of clinical alarm systems.
Prevent Infection:
Comply with either the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) hand hygiene guidelines or the current World Health Organization
(WHO) hand hygiene guidelines.
Identify Patient Safety Risks:
Reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections.
Prevent Surgical Mistakes:
Universal Protocol for Preventing Wrong Site, Wrong Procedure, and Wrong
Person Surgery.
Ensure Correct Site, Correct Procedure, Correct Patient Surgery:
Conduct a pre-procedure verification process, mark the procedure site, and
perform a time-out before the procedure.
Reduce the Risk of Patient Harm from Falls:
Implement a fall reduction program.
5. Give examples of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that impact
health and wellness - ANSWER ✔ Modifiable:
Diet and Nutrition
Physical Activity
Tobacco Use
Alcohol Consumption
Stress Management
Weight Management
Blood Pressure
, Cholesterol Levels
Nonmodifiable:
Age
Genetics/Family History
Gender
Ethnicity/Race
Hereditary Conditions
Previous Medical History
6. What is the primary purpose of Standards of Professional Nursing Practice?
- ANSWER ✔ To guide nursing actions, ensuring quality care and
professional accountability.
7. What is a nurse's legal obligation when abuse is suspected? - ANSWER ✔
Nurses are mandatory reporters and must document findings, report to
authorities, and ensure patient safety.
8. What are three examples of legal advanced directives? - ANSWER ✔
Living wills, durable power of attorney for healthcare, and Do Not
Resuscitate (DNR) orders.
9. How does acupuncture function as a CAM therapy? - ANSWER ✔ It
stimulates energy points to relieve pain.
10.What is the goal of biofeedback? - ANSWER ✔ To help patients control
body processes like heart rate or muscle tension.
11.What is the best way to assess a patient's spiritual needs? - ANSWER ✔
Ask open-ended questions, such as 'Do you have spiritual beliefs that might
influence your care?'
12.What are the four main focus areas of the National Patient Safety Goals
(NPSG)? - ANSWER ✔ Correct patient identification, improved
communication, medication safety, and infection control.
13.Give two examples of modifiable risk factors. - ANSWER ✔ Smoking,
diet, physical activity, or alcohol consumption.
Practice) MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT DETAILED SOLUTIONS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<NEWEST VERSION>
EXCELSIOR
1. Describe the different types of therapies available (i.e. behavioral...) -
ANSWER ✔ 1. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT):
Description: CBT is a widely used and evidence-based approach that focuses on
identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and behaviors. It aims to
modify dysfunctional beliefs and promote healthier cognitive and behavioral
patterns.
Applications: Anxiety disorders, depression, phobias, and various mood
disorders.
2. Psychodynamic Therapy: explores unconscious thoughts and unresolved
conflicts to gain insight into current behavior and relationships. It often
involves exploring past experiences to understand present difficulties.
Applications: Relationship issues, unresolved trauma, and longstanding
personality patterns.
3. Humanistic Therapies:
Description: Humanistic therapies, such as person-centered therapy and Gestalt
therapy, emphasize self-awareness, personal growth, and the inherent capacity
for individuals to make positive choices. Person-centered therapy, developed by
Carl Rogers, is non-directive and focuses on the client's unique experience.
Applications: Self-exploration, personal growth, and relationship issues.
4. Mindfulness-Based Therapies: mindfulness practices to help individuals
cultivate awareness and non-judgmental acceptance of their thoughts and
emotions.
Applications: Stress reduction, anxiety, depression, and relapse prevention.
,5. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): It was initially developed for
individuals with borderline personality disorder and focuses on building skills
in emotional regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, distress tolerance, and
mindfulness.
Applications: Borderline personality disorder, self-harm behaviors, and emotion
dysregulation.
6. Family Therapy:
7. Art and Expressive Therapies:
Applications: Trauma, stress, and various mental health issues.
2. why do we have a nursing process, what are the steps and what is involved
with each step? - ANSWER ✔ Assessment:
Involves collecting comprehensive data about the patient's health status,
including physical, emotional, social, and cultural aspects.
Diagnosis:
In this step, nurses analyze and interpret the collected data to identify the
patient's health problems, risks, and strengths.
Nursing diagnoses are formulated based on the analysis, and they guide the
development of a care plan.
Planning:
The nurse collaborates with the patient, family, and other healthcare
professionals to develop a comprehensive care plan.
Implementation:
In this step, the nursing care plan is put into action.
Nurses perform the planned interventions, which may include administering
medications, providing education, conducting therapeutic communication, and
assisting with activities of daily living.
Evaluation:
The nurse assesses the patient's response to the interventions and evaluates the
progress toward achieving the established goals.
3. National Patient Safety Goals - ANSWER ✔ The National Patient Safety
Goals (NPSGs) are a set of standards established by The Joint Commission,
an independent accrediting organization for healthcare organizations in the
United States. These goals are designed to address specific areas of concern
, related to patient safety and quality of care. The NPSGs are updated
regularly to reflect emerging issues and best practices in healthcare.
4. How can nurses implement these goals into practice? National Patient Safety
Goals - ANSWER ✔ Identify Patients Correctly:
Use at least two patient identifiers (e.g., name and date of birth) when providing
care, treatment, or services.
Improve Staff Communication:
Get important test results to the right staff person on time.
Encourage patients to be active participants in their own care.
Use Medicines Safely:
Label all medications, medication containers, and other solutions on and off the
sterile field in perioperative and other procedural settings.
Use Alarm Systems Effectively:
Improve the safety of clinical alarm systems.
Prevent Infection:
Comply with either the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) hand hygiene guidelines or the current World Health Organization
(WHO) hand hygiene guidelines.
Identify Patient Safety Risks:
Reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections.
Prevent Surgical Mistakes:
Universal Protocol for Preventing Wrong Site, Wrong Procedure, and Wrong
Person Surgery.
Ensure Correct Site, Correct Procedure, Correct Patient Surgery:
Conduct a pre-procedure verification process, mark the procedure site, and
perform a time-out before the procedure.
Reduce the Risk of Patient Harm from Falls:
Implement a fall reduction program.
5. Give examples of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that impact
health and wellness - ANSWER ✔ Modifiable:
Diet and Nutrition
Physical Activity
Tobacco Use
Alcohol Consumption
Stress Management
Weight Management
Blood Pressure
, Cholesterol Levels
Nonmodifiable:
Age
Genetics/Family History
Gender
Ethnicity/Race
Hereditary Conditions
Previous Medical History
6. What is the primary purpose of Standards of Professional Nursing Practice?
- ANSWER ✔ To guide nursing actions, ensuring quality care and
professional accountability.
7. What is a nurse's legal obligation when abuse is suspected? - ANSWER ✔
Nurses are mandatory reporters and must document findings, report to
authorities, and ensure patient safety.
8. What are three examples of legal advanced directives? - ANSWER ✔
Living wills, durable power of attorney for healthcare, and Do Not
Resuscitate (DNR) orders.
9. How does acupuncture function as a CAM therapy? - ANSWER ✔ It
stimulates energy points to relieve pain.
10.What is the goal of biofeedback? - ANSWER ✔ To help patients control
body processes like heart rate or muscle tension.
11.What is the best way to assess a patient's spiritual needs? - ANSWER ✔
Ask open-ended questions, such as 'Do you have spiritual beliefs that might
influence your care?'
12.What are the four main focus areas of the National Patient Safety Goals
(NPSG)? - ANSWER ✔ Correct patient identification, improved
communication, medication safety, and infection control.
13.Give two examples of modifiable risk factors. - ANSWER ✔ Smoking,
diet, physical activity, or alcohol consumption.
